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Factors affecting binding of chlorophenols to soil

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dc.contributor.authorBhandari, Aloken
dc.contributor.committeechairNovak, John T.en
dc.contributor.committeememberBerry, Duane F.en
dc.contributor.committeememberDietrich, Andrea M.en
dc.contributor.committeememberBenoit, Robert E.en
dc.contributor.committeememberRandall, Clifford W.en
dc.contributor.departmentCivil Engineeringen
dc.date.accessioned2014-03-14T21:19:00Zen
dc.date.adate2008-09-19en
dc.date.available2014-03-14T21:19:00Zen
dc.date.issued1995-07-06en
dc.date.rdate2008-09-19en
dc.date.sdate2008-09-19en
dc.description.abstractSynthetic substituted phenols can become incorporated into soil organic matter by processes similar to natural humification. Biological, (enzyme-catalyzed), and abiotic, (mineral surface catalyzed), reactions have been implicated in these processes which result in the nonextractable binding of phenolic contaminants to soil organic matter. Experiments conducted with phenol, 4-monochlorophenol (MCP), 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (TCP), and pentachlorophenol (PCP) indicated a statistically significant difference in the degree of nonextractable binding in oxic and anoxic environments. Soils were extracted with water and methylene chloride. The extracted soils were combusted at 950°C and the 14C02 evolved was quantified as a measure of the bound contaminant. The amount of 14C02 captured during combustion of the soils indicated that approximately two times greater contaminant binding occurred in the oxic atmosphere as compared to the anoxic atmosphere. Autoclaving the soil resulted in a reduction in contaminant binding. Addition of H₂O₂ increased MCP binding by 4.5 times. The nonextractable contaminant appeared to consist of (i) a biologically coupled; (ii) an abiotically coupled; and (iii) a desorbable, but diffusion-limited component. The initial aqueous concentration of the contaminant appeared to have the greatest effect on the degree of nonextractable binding. An empirical model was developed for predicting the extent of chlorophenol binding to soil as a function of the initial aqueous concentration of the contaminant. Nearly 50% of the nonextractable 4-MCP was bioavailable to inoculated microorganisms.en
dc.description.degreePh. D.en
dc.format.extentxi, 165 leavesen
dc.format.mediumBTDen
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier.otheretd-09192008-063010en
dc.identifier.sourceurlhttp://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-09192008-063010/en
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10919/39390en
dc.language.isoenen
dc.publisherVirginia Techen
dc.relation.haspartLD5655.V856_1995.B48.pdfen
dc.relation.isformatofOCLC# 33432894en
dc.rightsIn Copyrighten
dc.rights.urihttp://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/en
dc.subjectoxidative couplingen
dc.subjectbioavailabilityen
dc.subjectsoilsen
dc.subject.lccLD5655.V856 1995.B48en
dc.titleFactors affecting binding of chlorophenols to soilen
dc.typeDissertationen
dc.type.dcmitypeTexten
thesis.degree.disciplineCivil Engineeringen
thesis.degree.grantorVirginia Polytechnic Institute and State Universityen
thesis.degree.leveldoctoralen
thesis.degree.namePh. D.en

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