Formation of the Francisella tularensis Biofilm is Affected by Cell Surface Glycosylation, Growth Medium, and a Glucan Exopolysaccharide

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dc.contributor.authorChampion, Anna E.en
dc.contributor.authorCatanzaro, Kelly C. Freudenbergeren
dc.contributor.authorBandara, Aloka B.en
dc.contributor.authorInzana, Thomas J.en
dc.date.accessioned2019-11-19T18:42:57Zen
dc.date.available2019-11-19T18:42:57Zen
dc.date.issued2019-08-22en
dc.description.abstractBiofilms are matrix-associated communities that enable bacteria to colonise environments unsuitable for free-living bacteria. The facultative intracellular pathogen Francisella tularensis can persist in water, amoebae, and arthropods, as well as within mammalian macrophages. F. tularensis Types A and B form poor biofilms, but F. tularensis mutants lacking lipopolysaccharide O-antigen, O-antigen capsule, and capsule-like complex formed up to 15-fold more biofilm than fully glycosylated cells. The Type B live vaccine strain was also 50% less capable of initiating surface attachment than mutants deficient in O-antigen and capsule-like complex. However, the growth medium of all strains tested also influenced the formation of biofilm, which contained a novel exopolysaccharide consisting of an amylose-like glucan. In addition, the surface polysaccharide composition of the bacterium affected the protein: DNA: polysaccharide composition of the biofilm matrix. In contrast, F. novicida attached to surfaces more efficiently and made a more robust biofilm than Type A or B strains, but loss of O-antigen or capsule-like complex did not significantly affect F. novicida biofilm formation. These results indicated that suppression of surface polysaccharides may promote biofilm formation by F. tularensis Types A and B. Whether biofilm formation enhances survival of F. tularensis in aquatic or other environmental niches has yet to be determined.en
dc.description.notesWe thank Kristi DeCourcy at the Fralin Life Science Institute for her technical expertise performing and training for the CLSM. We also thank Parastoo Azadi and Ian Black at The Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, for compositional analysis of the EPS. This work was supported, in part, by funds from the Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine and foundation funds from the Tyler J. and Frances F. Young endowment. The EPS compositional work was supported by grant DE-FG02-93ER20097 to Parastoo Azadi from the Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy.en
dc.description.sponsorshipVirginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine; Tyler J. and Frances F. Young endowment; Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of EnergyUnited States Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-FG02-93ER20097]en
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-48697-xen
dc.identifier.eissn2045-2322en
dc.identifier.other12252en
dc.identifier.pmid31439876en
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10919/95810en
dc.identifier.volume9en
dc.language.isoenen
dc.publisherSpringer Natureen
dc.rightsCreative Commons Attribution 4.0 Internationalen
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/en
dc.titleFormation of the Francisella tularensis Biofilm is Affected by Cell Surface Glycosylation, Growth Medium, and a Glucan Exopolysaccharideen
dc.title.serialScientific Reportsen
dc.typeArticle - Refereeden
dc.type.dcmitypeTexten
dc.type.dcmitypeStillImageen

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