Stratigraphic evidence of two historical tsunamis on the semi-arid coast of north-central Chile

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dc.contributor.authorDePaolis, Jessica M.en
dc.contributor.authorDura, Tinaen
dc.contributor.authorMacInnes, Breanynen
dc.contributor.authorEly, Lisa L.en
dc.contributor.authorCisternas, Marcoen
dc.contributor.authorCarvajal, Matiasen
dc.contributor.authorTang, Huien
dc.contributor.authorFritz, Hermann M.en
dc.contributor.authorMizobe, Cyntiaen
dc.contributor.authorWesson, Robert L.en
dc.contributor.authorFigueroa, Ginoen
dc.contributor.authorBrennan, Nicoleen
dc.contributor.authorHorton, Benjamin P.en
dc.contributor.authorPilarczyk, Jessica E.en
dc.contributor.authorCorbett, D. Reideen
dc.contributor.authorGill, Benjamin C.en
dc.contributor.authorWeiss, Roberten
dc.coverage.countryChileen
dc.date.accessioned2023-01-04T19:41:14Zen
dc.date.available2023-01-04T19:41:14Zen
dc.date.issued2021-07-21en
dc.date.updated2023-01-04T03:38:23Zen
dc.description.abstractOn September 16, 2015, a Mw 8.3 earthquake struck the north-central Chile coast, triggering a tsunami observed along 500 km of coastline, between Huasco (28.5°S) and San Antonio (33.5°S). This tsunami provided a unique opportunity to examine the nature of tsunami deposits in a semi-arid, siliciclastic environment where stratigraphic and sedimentological records of past tsunamis are difficult to distinguish. To improve our ability to identify such evidence, we targeted one of the few low-energy, organic-rich depositional environments in north-central Chile: Pachingo marsh in Tongoy Bay (30.3°S). We found sedimentary evidence of the 2015 and one previous tsunami as tabular sand sheets. Both deposits are composed of poorly to moderately sorted, gray-brown, fine-to medium-grained sand and are distinct from underlying and overlying organic-rich silt. Both sand beds thin (from ∼20 cm to <1 cm) and fine landward, and show normal grading. The older sand bed is thicker and extends over 125 m further inland than the 2015 tsunami deposit. To model the relative size of the tsunamis that deposited each sand bed, we employed tsunami flow inversion. Our results show that the older sand bed was produced by higher flow speeds and depths than those in 2015. Anthropogenic evidence along with 137Cs and 210Pb dating constrains the age of the older tsunami to the last ∼110 years. We suggest that the older sand bed was deposited by the large tsunami in 1922 CE sourced to the north of our study site. This deposit represents the first geologic evidence of a pre-2015 tsunami along the semi-arid north-central Chile coast and highlights the current and continuing tsunami hazard in the region.en
dc.description.versionPublished versionen
dc.format.extent16 page(s)en
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifierARTN 107052 (Article number)en
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.107052en
dc.identifier.eissn1873-457Xen
dc.identifier.issn0277-3791en
dc.identifier.orcidDura, Cristina [0000-0003-0830-7894]en
dc.identifier.orcidGill, Benjamin [0000-0001-7402-0811]en
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10919/113032en
dc.identifier.volume266en
dc.language.isoenen
dc.publisherPergamon-Elsevieren
dc.relation.urihttp://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000694899400006&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=930d57c9ac61a043676db62af60056c1en
dc.rightsCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internationalen
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/en
dc.subjectGeologyen
dc.subjectNorth-central Chileen
dc.subjectEarthquakesen
dc.subjectPaleotsunamisen
dc.subjectTsunami inundationen
dc.subjectCoastal hazardsen
dc.subjectRECONSTRUCTING PALEOSEISMIC DEFORMATIONen
dc.subject2015 ILLAPELen
dc.subjectEARTHQUAKE IMPLICATIONSen
dc.subjectGREAT EARTHQUAKESen
dc.subjectSEA-LEVELen
dc.subjectDEPOSITSen
dc.subjectSUBDUCTIONen
dc.subjectATACAMAen
dc.subjectESTUARYen
dc.subjectRECORDSen
dc.titleStratigraphic evidence of two historical tsunamis on the semi-arid coast of north-central Chileen
dc.title.serialQuaternary Science Reviewsen
dc.typeArticle - Refereeden
dc.type.dcmitypeTexten
dc.type.otherArticleen
dc.type.otherJournalen
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