The elucidation of single electron transfer (SET) mechanisms in the reactions of nucleophiles with carbonyl compounds

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dc.contributor.authorBrammer, Larry E.en
dc.contributor.committeechairTanko, James M.en
dc.contributor.committeememberAnderson, Mark R.en
dc.contributor.committeememberBrewer, Karen J.en
dc.contributor.committeememberGibson, Harry W.en
dc.contributor.committeememberWolfe, James F.en
dc.contributor.departmentChemistryen
dc.date.accessioned2014-03-14T21:12:04Zen
dc.date.adate2008-06-06en
dc.date.available2014-03-14T21:12:04Zen
dc.date.issued1996-06-11en
dc.date.rdate2008-06-06en
dc.date.sdate2008-06-06en
dc.description.abstractThe chemistry of the radical anion generated from 1,I-dimethyl-5,7-di-tbutylspiro[ 2,5]octa-4,7-dien-6-one (<b>20</b>) was studied electrochemically using cyclic and linear sweep voltammetry (CV, LSV). The reduction potential of <b>20</b> was estimated to be -2.5 V VS. 0.1 M Ag⁺/Ag, similar to the reduction potentials observed for aryl ketones and enones. LSV results for the reduction of <b>20</b> are consistent with the occurrence of substrate reduction followed by a subsequent chemical step (an EC mechanism). The broadness of the reduction wave and variation of peak potential with sweep rate suggest that the rate limiting step is heterogeneous electron transfer. Ring opening of the radical anion generated from <b>20</b> results in a 9:1 ratio of the 3° and 1° distonic radical anions. The rate constant for ring opening has been estimated to be k ≥ 10⁷s⁻¹ with a calculated (AM1) enthalpy of ring opening of ΔH° > -15 kcal/mol. The facile nature of radical anion ring opening can be ascribed to the relief of cyclopropyl ring strain in conjunction with the establishment of aromaticity. On this basis, the regiochemistry of the ring opening of the radical anion derived from <b>20</b> suggests that polar and SET pathways can be differentiated based upon the regiospecificity of cyclopropyl ring opening. In reactions between <b>20</b> and nucleophiles known to react via SET with carbonyl compounds, 20 successfully produced products characteristic of SET pathways. However, subsequent studies of the reaction between <b>20</b> and thiophenoxide, a nucleophile purported to undergo SET, produced no evidence for a SET pathway. It was discovered that ring opened products may also be formed by competing polar pathways involving a carbocationic intermediate, especially in protic solvents. In dipolar aprotic solvents, ring opening occurs primarily via an S<sub>N</sub>2 process, with nucleophilic attack occurring preferentially at the least hindered carbon. The strengths and weaknesses of <b>20</b> as a SET probe are discusseden
dc.description.degreePh. D.en
dc.format.extentxv, 220 leavesen
dc.format.mediumBTDen
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier.otheretd-06062008-151247en
dc.identifier.sourceurlhttp://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06062008-151247/en
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10919/37996en
dc.language.isoenen
dc.publisherVirginia Techen
dc.relation.haspartLD5655.V856_1996.B736.pdfen
dc.relation.isformatofOCLC# 35286263en
dc.rightsIn Copyrighten
dc.rights.urihttp://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/en
dc.subjectradical anionsen
dc.subjectsingle electron transferen
dc.subjectelectrochemistryen
dc.subjectnucleophilic substitutionen
dc.subjectkentyl anionen
dc.subject.lccLD5655.V856 1996.B736en
dc.titleThe elucidation of single electron transfer (SET) mechanisms in the reactions of nucleophiles with carbonyl compoundsen
dc.typeDissertationen
dc.type.dcmitypeTexten
thesis.degree.disciplineChemistryen
thesis.degree.grantorVirginia Polytechnic Institute and State Universityen
thesis.degree.leveldoctoralen
thesis.degree.namePh. D.en

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