Identifying Subtypes of Neurocognition using Latent Profile Analysis in Adults: A Presicion Medicine Approach

Abstract

As the United States (US) population ages, the prevalence and societal cost of neurocognitive disorders such as dementia will continue to increase. Therefore, there is a pressing need to thoroughly elucidate these disorders' characteristics and progression. Despite existing research efforts, the exploration of neurocognitive subtypes remains limited, particularly given heterogeneity within and between the clinical manifestation of neurocognitive disorders. Conceptualizing these conditions as relatively homogenous can potentially impede patient care, delay timely interventions, and hinder advancements in treatment development. Enhancing our understanding of these conditions and how other psychosocial factors may affect them can lead to more targeted and effective interventions, potentially improving patient outcomes and reducing the burden of disease. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to identify subgroups of neurocognition using latent profile analysis (LPA) to empirically distinguish neurocognitive profiles, determine the effects of profile membership on known risk factors for dementia including depression, anxiety, personality, sleep difficulties and chronic pain. Results of this study supported a 5-profile solution varying in degrees of cognitive strengths and weaknesses and profiles were significantly differentiated based on years of education, negative impression management, inconsistent response styles and schizophrenia related concerns. These findings add to the body of research regarding the heterogeneity within neurocognitive diagnoses and provide support for a more nuanced approach to diagnosing and treatment of neurocognitive concerns.