Identification and characterization of host genes involved in regulating replication of brome mosaic virus

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dc.contributor.authorSuseendran, Parkeswaranen
dc.contributor.committeechairWang, Xiaofengen
dc.contributor.committeememberMcDowell, John M.en
dc.contributor.committeememberVinatzer, Boris A.en
dc.contributor.committeememberMeng, Xiang-Jinen
dc.contributor.departmentPlant Pathology, Physiology and Weed Scienceen
dc.date.accessioned2025-01-08T09:00:12Zen
dc.date.available2025-01-08T09:00:12Zen
dc.date.issued2025-01-07en
dc.description.abstractBrome mosaic virus (BMV) belongs to a viral class called positive-strand RNA [(+)RNA] viruses. This is the largest class of viruses and includes numerous important pathogens. BMV infects monocotyledonous plants and its replication can be recapitulated in the baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) under laboratory conditions to use yeast as an experimental model system. BMV generally does not infect dicotyledonous plants including the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. One important shared feature of (+)RNA viruses is that they all make use of host proteins to aid in their own viral replication. In particular, (+)RNA viruses use host intracellular membranes for their replication and lipid composition of these membranes is crucial for viral replication. I show here that BMV replication protein 1a causes redistribution of host Lam5 (Lipid transfer protein Anchored at a Membrane contact site 5) and that Lam5 is necessary for BMV replication in yeast. Furthermore, in the absence of Lam5, BMV 1a affects the distribution of lipid droplets throughout yeast cells. Host factors also play critical roles in defense against viruses. Although wild-type Arabidopsis is not a host for BMV, the Arabidopsis cpr5 (Constitutive expression of Pathogenesis-Related genes 5) mutant can support systemic infection of BMV. I performed screens in Arabidopsis and have identified four genes that contribute to defense against BMV. These include two RNA-binding proteins, a lectin superfamily protein, and an alternative oxidase. My results also contribute to the growing evidence that reactive oxygen species play a key role in BMV replication. In summary, my work provided new insights into BMV replication in hosts and plant defense against BMV infection. The information gained from these projects aids in our understanding of (+)RNA virus biology in general and may identify targets for developing broad-spectrum antiviral strategies.en
dc.description.abstractgeneralViruses are important pathogens that can cause devastating diseases not only in humans, but also in animals and plants. It is important to study viruses and their interactions with their hosts to develop antiviral drugs and engineer plant resistance to viruses. Positive-strand RNA viruses are the largest class of viruses and are responsible for numerous human, animal, and plant diseases. Brome mosaic virus (BMV) belongs to this class of viruses and has a simple genome organization. Furthermore, the baker's yeast can support BMV replication. BMV serves as a model to study (+)RNA virus replication and virus-host interactions. I show here that BMV depends on the lipid transport protein Lam5 for proper replication in yeast. Furthermore, although much is known about BMV replication in yeast, more information is needed on BMV replication in plants. To aid in this goal, I performed screens in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana to identify Arabidopsis mutants that could allow for systemic BMV infection. This project has uncovered four new genes that contribute to defense against BMV. This research aids in our understanding of how BMV replication works and also how plants defend themselves against viruses. This work is important for understanding of the biology of (+)RNA viruses and the plant immune system in general.en
dc.description.degreeDoctor of Philosophyen
dc.format.mediumETDen
dc.identifier.othervt_gsexam:42325en
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10919/123915en
dc.language.isoenen
dc.publisherVirginia Techen
dc.rightsIn Copyrighten
dc.rights.urihttp://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/en
dc.subject(+)RNA virusesen
dc.subjectbrome mosaic virusen
dc.subjecthost factorsen
dc.subjectviral replicationen
dc.subjectnonhost resistanceen
dc.titleIdentification and characterization of host genes involved in regulating replication of brome mosaic virusen
dc.typeDissertationen
thesis.degree.disciplinePlant Pathology, Physiology and Weed Scienceen
thesis.degree.grantorVirginia Polytechnic Institute and State Universityen
thesis.degree.leveldoctoralen
thesis.degree.nameDoctor of Philosophyen

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