Association between Phenotypes of Antimicrobial Resistance, ESBL Resistance Genes, and Virulence Genes of Salmonella Isolated from Chickens in Sichuan, China

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dc.contributor.authorShu, Gangen
dc.contributor.authorQiu, Jianyuen
dc.contributor.authorZheng, Yileien
dc.contributor.authorChang, Lijenen
dc.contributor.authorLi, Haohuanen
dc.contributor.authorXu, Funengen
dc.contributor.authorZhang, Weien
dc.contributor.authorYin, Lizien
dc.contributor.authorFu, Hualinen
dc.contributor.authorYan, Qiguien
dc.contributor.authorGan, Tingen
dc.contributor.authorLin, Juchunen
dc.date.accessioned2023-09-08T13:24:35Zen
dc.date.available2023-09-08T13:24:35Zen
dc.date.issued2023-08-31en
dc.date.updated2023-09-08T12:44:39Zen
dc.description.abstractThe aim of this study was to explore the association between antimicrobial resistance, ESBL genes, and virulence genes of <i>Salmonella</i> isolates. From 2019 to 2021, a total of 117 <i>Salmonella</i> isolates were obtained from symptomatic chickens in Sichuan Province, China. The strains were tested for antimicrobial resistance and the presence of ESBL according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) instructions. The presence of ESBL genes and genes for virulence was determined using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). In addition, Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) was applied to confirm the molecular genotyping. Moreover, the mechanism of ESBL and virulence gene transfer and the relationships between the resistance phenotype, ESBL genes, and virulence genes were explored. The isolates exhibited different frequencies of resistance to antibiotics (resistance rates ranged from 21.37% to 97.44%), whereas 68.38% and 41.03% of isolates were multi-drug resistance (MDR) and ESBL-producers, respectively. In the PCR analysis, <i>bla</i><sub>CTX-M</sub> was the most prevalent ESBL genotype (73.42%, 58/79), and <i>bla</i><sub>CTX-M-55</sub> showed the most significant effect on the resistance to cephalosporins as tested by logistic regression analysis. Isolates showed a high carriage rate of <i>invA</i>, <i>avrA</i>, <i>sopB</i>, <i>sopE</i>, <i>ssaQ</i>, <i>spvR</i>, <i>spvB</i>, <i>spvC</i>, <i>stn</i>, and <i>bcfC</i> (ranged from 51.28% to 100%). MLST analysis revealed that the 117 isolates were divided into 11 types, mainly ST92, ST11, and ST3717. Of 48 ESBL-producers, 21 transconjugants were successfully obtained by conjugation. Furthermore, ESBL and <i>spv</i> virulence genes were obtained simultaneously in 15 transconjugants. These results highlighted that <i>Salmonella</i> isolates were common carriers of ESBLs and multiple virulence genes. Horizontal transfer played a key role in disseminating antimicrobial resistance and pathogenesis. Therefore, it is necessary to continuously monitor the use of antimicrobials and the prevalence of AMR and virulence in <i>Salmonella</i> from food animals and to improve the antibiotic stewardship for salmonellosis.en
dc.description.versionPublished versionen
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier.citationShu, G.; Qiu, J.; Zheng, Y.; Chang, L.; Li, H.; Xu, F.; Zhang, W.; Yin, L.; Fu, H.; Yan, Q.; Gan, T.; Lin, J. Association between Phenotypes of Antimicrobial Resistance, ESBL Resistance Genes, and Virulence Genes of Salmonella Isolated from Chickens in Sichuan, China. Animals 2023, 13, 2770.en
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.3390/ani13172770en
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10919/116250en
dc.language.isoenen
dc.publisherMDPIen
dc.rightsCreative Commons Attribution 4.0 Internationalen
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/en
dc.subjectSalmonellaen
dc.subjectantimicrobial resistanceen
dc.subjectESBL genesen
dc.subjectvirulence genesen
dc.subjectMLSTen
dc.subjectchickenen
dc.titleAssociation between Phenotypes of Antimicrobial Resistance, ESBL Resistance Genes, and Virulence Genes of Salmonella Isolated from Chickens in Sichuan, Chinaen
dc.title.serialAnimalsen
dc.typeArticle - Refereeden
dc.type.dcmitypeTexten

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