Ten questions concerning autism and auditory accessibility in buildings

Abstract

The ten questions in this paper discuss how the auditory experience of autistic individuals is related to the built environment, integrating perspectives from practitioners and researchers in acoustical engineering, audiology, soundscapes, psychology, architecture, and indoor environment. Autism is a neurodevelopmental disability associated with, as one of its main characteristics, hypo- or hypersensitivity to sensory stimuli. In the built environment, the sensory profile of autistic individuals is directly impacted by thermal, visual, and (the main topic of this paper) acoustical design. However, research on creating more acoustically-inclusive equipment or spaces for this population is still limited, leading to shortcomings in existing acoustic design standards, which do not consider such sensory processing differences. The paper highlights the limitations of current acoustic standards, which are based on neurotypical hearing models, and advocates for inclusive design practices that prioritize the needs of autistic individuals. We also present the shift from a purely medical model to a more nuanced approach that includes discussing ethical research practices, autism as a social concept, appropriate language, and disability rights. Key recommendations include participatory research, flexible acoustic environments, and the adoption of universal design principles to create spaces that accommodate sensory diversity, ensuring both functionality and well-being.