Studies of Stented Arteries and Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction Using Experimental and Clinical Analysis with Data Augmentation

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dc.contributor.authorCharonko, John Jamesen
dc.contributor.committeechairVlachos, Pavlos P.en
dc.contributor.committeememberRoan, Michael J.en
dc.contributor.committeememberPrabhu, Santoshen
dc.contributor.committeememberRagab, Saad A.en
dc.contributor.committeememberLittle, William C.en
dc.contributor.committeememberBall, Kenneth S.en
dc.contributor.departmentBiomedical Engineeringen
dc.date.accessioned2014-03-14T20:09:41Zen
dc.date.adate2009-05-04en
dc.date.available2014-03-14T20:09:41Zen
dc.date.issued2009-04-01en
dc.date.rdate2012-06-22en
dc.date.sdate2009-04-15en
dc.description.abstractCardiovascular diseases are among the leading causes of deaths worldwide, but the fluid mechanics of many of these conditions and the devices used to treat them are only partially understood. This goal of this dissertation was to develop new experimental techniques that would enable translational research into two of these conditions. The first set of experiments examined <i>in-vitro</i> the changes in Wall Shear Stress (WSS) and Oscillatory Shear Index (OSI) caused by the implantation of coronary stents into the arteries of the heart using Particle Image Velocimetry. These experiments featured one-to-one scaling, commercial stents, and realistic flow and pressure waveforms, and are believed to be the most physiologically accurate stent experiments to date. This work revealed distinct differences in WSS and OSI between the different stent designs tested, and showed that changes in implantation configuration also affected these hemodynamic parameters. Also, the production of vortices near the stent struts during flow reversal was noted, and an inverse correlation between WSS and OSI was described. The second set of experiments investigated Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction (LVDD) using phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging (pcMRI). Using this technique, ten patients with and without LVDD were scanned and a 2D portrait of blood flow through their heart was obtained. To augment this data, pressure fields were calculated from the velocity data using an omni-directional pressure integration scheme coupled with a proper-orthogonal decomposition-based smoothing. This technique was selected from a variety of methods from the literature based on an extensive error analysis and comparison. With this coupled information, it was observed that healthy patients exhibited different flow patterns than diseased patients, and had stronger pressure differences during early filling. In particular, the ratio of early filling pressure to late filling pressure was a statistically significant predictor of diastolic dysfunction. Based on these observations, a novel hypothesis was presented that related the motion of the heart walls to the observed flow patterns and pressure gradients, which may explain the differences observed clinically between healthy and diseased patients.en
dc.description.degreePh. D.en
dc.identifier.otheretd-04152009-094121en
dc.identifier.sourceurlhttp://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-04152009-094121/en
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10919/26875en
dc.publisherVirginia Techen
dc.relation.haspartCharonko_Dissertation_ETD_version2.pdfen
dc.rightsIn Copyrighten
dc.rights.urihttp://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/en
dc.subjectwall shear stressen
dc.subjectoscillatory shear indexen
dc.subjectleft ventricular diastolic dysfunctionen
dc.subjectdilated cardiomyopathyen
dc.subjectphase contrast magnetic resonance imagingen
dc.subjectdigital particle image velocimetryen
dc.subjectcoronary stentsen
dc.titleStudies of Stented Arteries and Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction Using Experimental and Clinical Analysis with Data Augmentationen
dc.typeDissertationen
thesis.degree.disciplineBiomedical Engineeringen
thesis.degree.grantorVirginia Polytechnic Institute and State Universityen
thesis.degree.leveldoctoralen
thesis.degree.namePh. D.en

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