Comparison of production-related responses to hyperinsulinemia and hypoglycemia induced by clamp procedures or heat stress of lactating dairy cattle

dc.contributor.authorStewart, J. W.en
dc.contributor.authorArneson, A. G.en
dc.contributor.authorByrd, M. K. H.en
dc.contributor.authorNegron-Perez, V. M.en
dc.contributor.authorNewberne, H. M.en
dc.contributor.authorWhite, Robin R.en
dc.contributor.authorEl-Kadi, S. W.en
dc.contributor.authorEaly, A. D.en
dc.contributor.authorRhoads, R. P.en
dc.contributor.authorRhoads, M. L.en
dc.date.accessioned2023-05-05T19:06:47Zen
dc.date.available2023-05-05T19:06:47Zen
dc.date.issued2022-10en
dc.description.abstractHyperinsulinemia concurrent with hypoglycemia is one of a myriad of physiological changes typically experienced by lactating dairy cows exposed to heat stress, the consequences of which are not yet well defined or understood. Therefore, the objective of this experiment was to separate the production-related effects of hyperinsulinemia with hypoglycemia from those of a hyperthermic environment. Multiparous lactating Holstein cows (n = 23; 58 +/- 4 d in milk, 3.1 +/- 0.3 lactations) were housed in temperature-controlled rooms and all were subjected to 4 experimental periods as follows: (1) thermoneutral (TN; temperature-humidity index of 65.1 +/- 0.2; d 1-5), (2) TN + hyperinsulinemichypoglycemic clamp (HHC; insulin infused at 0.3 mu g/ kg of BW per h, glucose infused to maintain 90 +/- 10% of baseline blood glucose for 96 h; d 6-10), (3) heat stress (HS; temperature-humidity index of 72.5 +/- 0.2; d 16-20), and (4) HS + euglycemic clamp (EC; glucose infused to reach 100 +/- 10% of TN baseline blood glucose for 96 h; d 21-25). Cows were fed and milked twice daily. Feed refusals were collected once daily for calculation of daily dry matter intake, and milk samples were collected at the beginning and end of each period for component analyses. Circulating insulin concentrations were measured in daily blood samples, whereas glucose concentrations were measured more frequently and variably in association with clamp procedures. Rectal temperatures and respiration rates were greater during HS than TN, as expected, and states of hyperinsulinemia and hypoglycemia were successfully induced by the HHC and high ambient temperatures (HS and EC). Feed intake differed based upon thermal environment as it was similar during TN and HHC periods, and declined for HS and EC. Milk production was not entirely reflective of feed intake as it was greatest during TN, intermediate during HHC, and lowest during HS and EC. All milk components differed with the experimental period, primarily in response to the thermal environment. Interestingly, TN baseline glucose concentrations were highly correlated with the change in glucose from TN to HS, and were related to glycemic status during HS. Furthermore, although few in number, those cows that failed to become hypoglycemic during HS tended to have a greater reduction in milk yield. The work presented here addresses a critical knowledge gap by broadening our understanding of the physiological response to heat stress and the related changes in glycemic state. This broadened understanding is fundamental for the development of novel, innovative management strategies as the dairy industry is compelled to become increasingly efficient in spite of global warming.en
dc.description.notesThe authors gratefully acknowledge funding of this work by the Agriculture and Food Research Initiative: Competitive Grant no. 2016-67015-24897 from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture (Washington, DC). Additional support was provided by the Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station (Blacksburg) and the Hatch Program of the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, USDA. Many thanks to the staff and students from the Virginia Tech Dairy Science Complex, the Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, and the Department of Dairy Science. The authors have not stated any conflicts of interest.en
dc.description.sponsorshipUSDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture (Washington, DC) [2016-67015-24897]; Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station (Blacksburg); Hatch Program of the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, USDAen
dc.description.versionPublished versionen
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2022-21922en
dc.identifier.eissn1525-3198en
dc.identifier.issue10en
dc.identifier.pmid36055831en
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10919/114939en
dc.identifier.volume105en
dc.language.isoenen
dc.publisherElsevieren
dc.rightsCreative Commons Attribution 4.0 Internationalen
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/en
dc.subjectheat stressen
dc.subjectdairy cowen
dc.subjecthyperinsulinemiaen
dc.subjecthypoglycemiaen
dc.subjectmilk productionen
dc.titleComparison of production-related responses to hyperinsulinemia and hypoglycemia induced by clamp procedures or heat stress of lactating dairy cattleen
dc.title.serialJournal of Dairy Scienceen
dc.typeArticle - Refereeden
dc.type.dcmitypeTexten

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