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Differing house Finch cytokine expression responses to Original and evolved isolates of Mycoplasma gallisepticum

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dc.contributor.authorVinkler, Michalen
dc.contributor.authorLeon, Ariel E.en
dc.contributor.authorKirkpatrick, Laila T.en
dc.contributor.authorDalloul, Rami A.en
dc.contributor.authorHawley, Dana M.en
dc.contributor.departmentAnimal and Poultry Sciencesen
dc.contributor.departmentBiological Sciencesen
dc.date.accessioned2019-11-06T18:38:04Zen
dc.date.available2019-11-06T18:38:04Zen
dc.date.issued2018-01-22en
dc.description.abstractThe recent emergence of the poultry bacterial pathogen Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) in free-living house finches (Haemorhous mexicanus), which causes mycoplasmal conjunctivitis in this passerine bird species, resulted in a rapid coevolutionary arms-race between MG and its novel avian host. Despite extensive research on the ecological and evolutionary dynamics of this host–pathogen system over the past two decades, the immunological responses of house finches to MG infection remain poorly understood. We developed seven new probe-based one-step quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assays to investigate mRNA expression of house finch cytokine genes (IL1B, IL6, IL10, IL18, TGFB2, TNFSF15, and CXCLi2, syn. IL8L). These assays were then used to describe cytokine transcription profiles in a panel of 15 house finch tissues collected at three distinct time points during MG infection. Based on initial screening that indicated strong pro-inflammatory cytokine expression during MG infection at the periorbital sites in particular, we selected two key house finch tissues for further characterization: the nictitating membrane, i.e., the internal eyelid in direct contact with MG, and the Harderian gland, the secondary lymphoid tissue responsible for regulation of periorbital immunity. We characterized cytokine responses in these two tissues for 60 house finches experimentally inoculated either with media alone (sham) or one of two MG isolates: the earliest known pathogen isolate from house finches (VA1994) or an evolutionarily more derived isolate collected in 2006 (NC2006), which is known to be more virulent. We show that the more derived and virulent isolate NC2006, relative to VA1994, triggers stronger local inflammatory cytokine signaling, with peak cytokine expression generally occurring 3–6 days following MG inoculation. We also found that the extent of pro-inflammatory interleukin 1 beta signaling was correlated with conjunctival MG loads and the extent of clinical signs of conjunctivitis, the main pathological effect of MG in house finches. These results suggest that the pathogenicity caused by MG infection in house finches is largely mediated by host pro-inflammatory immune responses, with important implications for the dynamics of host–pathogen coevolution.en
dc.description.sponsorshipThis experiment was supported by NIH grant 5R01GM105245 to DH from the joint NIH-NSF-USDA Ecology and Evolution of Infectious Diseases Program. MV was supported by grant No. 2015-21-04 from the Fulbright Commission in the Czech Republic and grant No. PRIMUS/17/SCI/12 from the Charles University.en
dc.format.extent16 pagesen
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier.citationVinkler M, Leon AE, Kirkpatrick L, Dalloul RA and Hawley DM (2018) Differing House Finch Cytokine Expression Responses to Original and Evolved Isolates of Mycoplasma gallisepticum. Front. Immunol. 9:13. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00013en
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2018.00013en
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10919/95305en
dc.identifier.volume9en
dc.language.isoenen
dc.publisherFrontiersen
dc.rightsCreative Commons Attribution 4.0 Internationalen
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/en
dc.subjectavian pathogenen
dc.subjectbird cytokine signallingen
dc.subjectdisease ecologyen
dc.subjectemerging infectious diseasesen
dc.subjectevolution of virulenceen
dc.subjecthost–parasite interactionen
dc.subjectperiocular inflammationen
dc.subjectwild immunologyen
dc.titleDiffering house Finch cytokine expression responses to Original and evolved isolates of Mycoplasma gallisepticumen
dc.title.serialFrontiers in Immunologyen
dc.typeArticle - Refereeden
dc.type.dcmitypeTexten

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