Fitness and physiology of Adelges tsugae (Hemiptera: Adelgidae) in relation to the health of the eastern hemlock

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dc.contributor.authorJones, Anne C.en
dc.contributor.authorMullins, Donald E.en
dc.contributor.authorBrewster, Carlyle C.en
dc.contributor.authorRhea, James P.en
dc.contributor.authorSalom, Scott M.en
dc.contributor.departmentEntomologyen
dc.date.accessioned2020-04-20T13:13:04Zen
dc.date.available2020-04-20T13:13:04Zen
dc.date.issued2016-12en
dc.description.abstractThe hemlock woolly adelgid, Adelges tsugae Annand is an invasive insect that frequently causes hemlock (Tsuga spp.) mortality in the eastern United States. Studies have shown that once healthy hemlocks become infested by the adelgid, nutrients are depleted from the tree, leading to both tree decline and a reduction of the adelgid population. Since A. tsugae is dependent on hemlock for nutrients, feeding on trees in poor health may affect the ability of the insect to obtain necessary nutrients and may consequently affect their physiological and population health. Trees were categorized as lightly or moderately impacted by A. tsugae based on quantitative and qualitative tree health measurements. Population health of A. tsugae on each tree was determined by measuring insect density and peak mean fecundity; A. tsugae physiological health was determined by measuring insect biomass, total carbon, carbohydrate, total nitrogen, and amino nitrogen levels. Adelges tsugae from moderately impacted trees exhibited significantly greater fecundity than from lightly impacted trees. However, A. tsugae from lightly impacted hemlocks contained significantly greater levels of carbohydrates, total nitrogen, and amino nitrogen. While the results of the physiological analysis generally support our hypothesis that A. tsugae on lightly impacted trees are healthier than those on moderately impacted trees, this was not reflected in the population health measurements. Adelges tsugae egg health in response to tree health should be verified. This study provides the first examination of A. tsugae physiological health in relation to standard A. tsugae population health measures on hemlocks of different health levels.en
dc.description.adminPublic domain – authored by a U.S. government employeeen
dc.description.notesThe authors would like to thank T. Anderson for use of lab space and equipment, A. Reeves for preliminary assay development, A. Tanner for expertise with elemental analysis, and the many individuals who assisted with sample collection and measurements. We appreciate the Fishburn Experimental Forest, the University of Virginia Biological Station at Mt. Lake, and Twin Falls State Park, WV for their cooperation in completing this research on their property. This research was supported by cooperative agreement # 07-CA-11420004-161 between the United States Forest Service and Virginia Tech.en
dc.description.sponsorshipUnited States Forest ServiceUnited States Department of Agriculture (USDA)United States Forest Service [07-CA-11420004-161]; Virginia Tech [07-CA-11420004-161]en
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1111/1744-7917.12240en
dc.identifier.eissn1744-7917en
dc.identifier.issn1672-9609en
dc.identifier.issue6en
dc.identifier.pmid26013546en
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10919/97832en
dc.identifier.volume23en
dc.language.isoenen
dc.rightsCC0 1.0 Universalen
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/en
dc.subjectAdelges tsugaeen
dc.subjectcarbohydratesen
dc.subjectfecundityen
dc.subjectNitrogenen
dc.subjecttree healthen
dc.subjectTsuga canadensisen
dc.titleFitness and physiology of Adelges tsugae (Hemiptera: Adelgidae) in relation to the health of the eastern hemlocken
dc.title.serialInsect Scienceen
dc.typeArticle - Refereeden
dc.type.dcmitypeTexten
dc.type.dcmitypeStillImageen

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