Synthesis and Characterization of Complex Polymer Topologies using Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization

Abstract

Bottlebrush polymers are intriguing topologies that have become more significant in various applications, including drug delivery, elastomers, photonic crystals, anti-fouling coatings, nanoporous materials, and electronic and transport substrates. Polymeric side chains are tightly grafted to a polymer backbone in these macromolecules. Bottlebrush polymers' densely bonded structure causes steric repulsion between nearby polymer chains, leading them to exhibit a chain-extended conformation. Even though these extraordinary macromolecules have several uses, the transformational promise of the bottlebrush polymer architecture has yet to be realized due to the difficulty in synthesizing large molecular weight bottlebrush polymers. This dissertation illustrates the ability of the optimized grafting-through strategy to create controlled supramolecular polymeric networks (SPNs) and different types of topologies, including block copolymers and tapered bottlebrush polymers.

We show that the optimized synthesis of bottlebrush polymers using a direct-growth approach results in a controlled product and monomodal size exclusion chromatography (SEC) peaks. The optimization of the direct-growth approach depends on two factors: monomer type and percentage of monomer to polymer conversion in the reversible-deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP) step. Moreover, performing ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) initiated by Grubbs 3rd generation catalyst (G3) on a norbornene functionalized macromolecules allows for creating polymers with bulky side chains. This strategy was implemented to create methylated, acetylated, and native poly(β-cyclodextrin) that reached a degree of polymerization of 150 and molecular weights > 150 kg/mol. These results were 10-fold higher than the reported method using atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) with β-cyclodextrin functionalized with methacrylate group.

Furthermore, multiple macromonomers were prepared using ATRP and photoiniferter polymerization that are functionalized with norbornene. These macromonomers were used in the following ROMP reaction to result in multiple series of amphiphilic bottlebrush block copolymers and tapered bottlebrush polymers. The surface tension measurements on the self-assembled amphiphilic bottlebrush block copolymer series in water revealed an ultralow critical micelle concentration (CMC), 1-2 orders of magnitude lower than its linear counterpart. Combined with coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations, fitting small-angle neutron scattering traces (SANS) allowed us to evaluate solution conformations of micellar nanostructures for self-assembled macromolecules. Furthermore, the tapered bottlebrush polymer series SANS traces were collected to investigate their molecular arrangement in dilute solution. For the first time, summation scattering models describing both bottlebrush polymer shape and side chain polymer conformations were utilized. Using these models, we extracted physical parameters of the polymers, including bottlebrush radius and length as well as side chain excluded volume parameter and correlation length.