The contribution of demographic and coping factors to burnout in Virginia school psychologists

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of job stress and other selected variables on self-reported levels of professional burnout among psychologists practicing in Virginia public schools. The study was also designed to analyze burnout not just as a series of changes resulting from job stressors, but explained by interactions of occupational stress with select demographic characteristics and coping variables.

A survey packet containing rating scales and a demographic sheet were mailed to 504 school psychologists, of which 180 responded with usable data. Data analysis primarily involved hierarchical multiple regression, testing the model that interactions of job stress with demographic/coping variables would significantly affect burnout outcomes.

Results indicated that burnout, specifically emotional exhaustion partially explained by an unclear or interpersonally conflictual role and having little control over one's work, was significantly mediated by the coping strategy of cognitive problem solving. This exhaustion aspect of burnout was also substantially affected by membership in professional affiliations. However, job stress related to role overload significantly predicted burnout, but was not significantly mediated by any hypothesized demographic or coping variables.

It can be concluded that Virginia psychologists experience particular job stressors, such as role overload, that may lead to emotional exhaustion. Membership in collegial, professional organizations, along with inservice in specific problem-solving skills, may help alleviate this occupational stress. Future research is needed to determine how demographic and coping variables mediate specific aspects of work overload for these professionals.