Using the class 1 integron-integrase gene as a proxy for anthropogenic pollution

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dc.contributor.authorGillings, M. R.en
dc.contributor.authorGaze, W. H.en
dc.contributor.authorPruden, Amyen
dc.contributor.authorSmalla, K.en
dc.contributor.authorTiedje, J. M.en
dc.contributor.authorZhu, Y.-G.en
dc.contributor.departmentCivil and Environmental Engineeringen
dc.date.accessioned2017-03-07T16:13:45Zen
dc.date.available2017-03-07T16:13:45Zen
dc.date.issued2015-06-01en
dc.description.abstractAround all human activity, there are zones of pollution with pesticides, heavy metals, pharmaceuticals, personal care products and the microorganisms associated with human waste streams and agriculture. This diversity of pollutants, whose concentration varies spatially and temporally, is a major challenge for monitoring. Here, we suggest that the relative abundance of the clinical class 1 integron-integrase gene, intI1, is a good proxy for pollution because: (1) intI1 is linked to genes conferring resistance to antibiotics, disinfectants and heavy metals; (2) it is found in a wide variety of pathogenic and nonpathogenic bacteria; (3) its abundance can change rapidly because its host cells can have rapid generation times and it can move between bacteria by horizontal gene transfer; and (4) a single DNA sequence variant of intI1 is now found on a wide diversity of xenogenetic elements, these being complex mosaic DNA elements fixed through the agency of human selection. Here we review the literature examining the relationship between anthropogenic impacts and the abundance of intI1, and outline an approach by which intI1 could serve as a proxy for anthropogenic pollution.en
dc.description.versionPublished versionen
dc.format.extent1269 - 1279 (11) page(s)en
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1038/ismej.2014.226en
dc.identifier.issn1751-7362en
dc.identifier.issue6en
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10919/75298en
dc.identifier.volume9en
dc.language.isoenen
dc.publisherNature Publishing Groupen
dc.relation.urihttp://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000354786700001&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=930d57c9ac61a043676db62af60056c1en
dc.rightsCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unporteden
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/en
dc.subjectEcologyen
dc.subjectMicrobiologyen
dc.subjectEnvironmental Sciences & Ecologyen
dc.subjectANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE GENESen
dc.subjectMUNICIPAL WASTE-WATERen
dc.subjectANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCEen
dc.subjectESCHERICHIA-COLIen
dc.subjectENVIRONMENTAL-SAMPLESen
dc.subjectBACTERIAL COMMUNITIESen
dc.subjectCOMMENSAL BACTERIAen
dc.subjectMETAL RESISTANCEen
dc.subjectTREATMENT-PLANTen
dc.subjectEASTERN CHINAen
dc.titleUsing the class 1 integron-integrase gene as a proxy for anthropogenic pollutionen
dc.title.serialISME Journalen
dc.typeArticle - Refereeden
dc.type.dcmitypeTexten
pubs.organisational-group/Virginia Techen
pubs.organisational-group/Virginia Tech/All T&R Facultyen
pubs.organisational-group/Virginia Tech/Engineeringen
pubs.organisational-group/Virginia Tech/Engineering/Civil & Environmental Engineeringen
pubs.organisational-group/Virginia Tech/Engineering/COE T&R Facultyen

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