Browsing by Author "Groover, Gordon E."
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- 2009 NASS Cropland and Pastureland Rental RatesGroover, Gordon E. (Virginia Cooperative Extension, 2010-04-21)Primarily a table from NASS of irrigated and non-irrigated crop and pasture rental rates for Virginia counties and localities
- 2010 NASS Cropland and Pastureland Rental RatesGroover, Gordon E. (Virginia Cooperative Extension, 2011-02-22)Primarily a table from NASS of irrigated and non-irrigated crop and pasture rental rates for Virginia counties and localities
- 2011 Virginia Farm Business Management Livestock BudgetsEberly, Eric; Groover, Gordon E. (Virginia Cooperative Extension Service, 2011-05-01)A list of livestock budgets to help producers determine their projected costs and returns, with formats available (Excel or PDF)
- 2012 NASS Cropland and Pastureland Rental RatesGroover, Gordon E.; Bruce, Lex (Virginia Cooperative Extension, 2013-01-15)Cash rental rates for irrigated and non-irrigated cropland and pastureland for Virginia counties and cities.
- 2013 NASS Cropland and Pastureland Rental RatesGroover, Gordon E. (Virginia Cooperative Extension, 2013-09-30)Cash rental rates for irrigated and non-irrigated cropland and pastureland for Virginia counties and cities.
- 2014 NASS Cropland and Pastureland Rental RatesBruce, Lex; Groover, Gordon E. (Virginia Cooperative Extension, 2015-05-04)Presents USDA National Agricultural Statistical Service cash rental rates for irrigated and non-irrigated cropland and pastureland in Virginia for 2014.
- 2019 NASS cropland and pastureland rental ratesGroover, Gordon E.; Bruce, Lex; Kayser, Patrick (Virginia Cooperative Extension, 2019)National Agricultural Statistical Service cash rental rates for irrigated and non-irrigated cropland and pastureland
- Agronomic and Economic Comparison of Full-Season and Double-Cropped Small Grain and Soybean Systems in the Mid-Atlantic USABrowning, Phillip W. (Virginia Tech, 2011-05-02)Increased demand for barley has changed the proportion of crops grown in Virginia and the Mid-Atlantic USA. Winter wheat is the predominant small grain crop, but barley can be a direct substitute, although much less of it is grown. Soybean is grown full-season and double-cropped after both small grains. Historically, wheat was the primary small grain in the soybean double-crop rotation because of its greater profitability. The barley-soybean cropping system is not a new concept in the region, but the literature is outdated. New agronomic and economic data that directly compares full-season soybean, barley-soybean, and wheat-soybean systems using modern cultivars and management practices is needed. The objectives of this research were to: i) determine soybean yield and compare cropping system profitability of the three cropping systems; ii) perform a breakeven sensitivity analysis of the three cropping systems; and iii) determine the effect of planting date and previous winter crop on soybean yield and yield components. Soybean grown after barley yielded more than full-season soybean in two of six locations and more than soybean double-cropped after wheat in three of six locations. Net returns for the barley-soybean system were the greatest. These data indicate that soybean double-cropped after barley has the potential to yield equal to or greater than full-season soybean or double-cropped soybean following wheat, but its relative yield is very dependent on growing conditions. The profitability comparison indicated that the barley-soybean cropping system was generally more profitable than the full-season soybean and double-cropped wheat-soybean systems. This conclusion was supported by the breakeven sensitivity analysis, but remains dependent on prices that have been extremely volatile in recent years. In another study, soybean yields declined with planting date at two of four locations in 2009, a year that late-season rainfall enabled later-planted soybean to yield more than expected. In 2010, soybean yield decline was affected by the delay in planting date at both locations. Winter grain did not affect soybean yield in either year. Yield component data reinforced these results and indicated that the lower seed yield in the later planting dates was due primarily to a decrease in the number of pods.
- Assessing the Economic Feasibility of Growing Specialized Apple Cultivars for Sale to Commercial Hard Cider ProducersFarris, Jarrad; Peck, Greg; Groover, Gordon E.; Sherif, Sherif M. (Virginia Cooperative Extension, 2019-03-20)Describes a set of budget spread sheets that utilize a systematic means to assess the feasibility of growing specialty apple cultivars for sale to commercial hard cider producers.
- Assessing the Economic Feasibility of Growing Specialized Apple Cultivars for Sale to Commercial Hard Cider ProducersFarris, Jarrad; Peck, Greg; Groover, Gordon E. (Virginia Cooperative Extension, 2013-09-30)This publication describes a set of associated budget spreadsheets that utilize a systematic means to assess the feasibility of growing specialty apple cultivars for sale to commercial hard cider producers.
- Building Marketing Capacity of Local Food Systems: Case Studies from the Shenandoah ValleyHe, Shu (Virginia Tech, 2014-09-17)Small and medium-sized farms are an important demographic of the agricultural sector in the Shenandoah Valley and Chesapeake Bay watershed. Having sufficient food system infrastructure available and accessible to these farm operations is essential to help them add value to their farm products; diversify their operations and differentiate their farm and food products in an increasingly competitive and commodity-based food system. Despite its importance, however, local food systems (LFS) frequently have incorrect types or insufficient amounts of the equipment and facilities needed to support these systems. Through the use of two case studies, this study investigates current circumstances, future needs, and offers recommendations for two important components of LFS infrastructure in the Shenandoah Valley. The first study inventories and assesses existing infrastructure capacity available in the region. Using data collected from farmers, LFS organizations, and institutional foodservice organizations, a needs assessment is then completed to determine the specific amounts and types of equipment and facilities which would be needed to meet current LFS infrastructure needs. The second study explores current and potential benefits, and future challenges of a produce auction to impact Mennonite communities in the Shenandoah Valley. This analysis of the Shenandoah Valley Produce Auction (SVPA) was conducted using data obtained from both interviews and surveys. Results indicate that producers, existing infrastructure, and institutional buyers in the region would like to own, use, or rent food system infrastructure. There is unmet LFS infrastructure demand in due to the current lack of enough food cleaning, processing, packaging, and storing equipment in this area. For the SVPA, most of participants were satisfied with the auction. Buyers, however, reported that their procurement from the SVPA is limited by fluctuating prices, demand outpacing supply of produce, insufficient delivery services. Overall, food system infrastructure in general, and the SVPA in particular, were reported to have an important role in the region in supporting market access for local small and medium sized farmers, improve viability of local food system and the regional economy, and facilitating connections between consumers and their local food system. Several recommendations to strengthen the region's LFS are derived from these results.
- A characterization of direct-market beef processing and marketing in VirginiaMainville, Denise Y.; Groover, Gordon E.; Waddle, Ashleigh Danielle; Webb, Bradley (Virginia Cooperative Extension, 2005-11-13)Describes the processing and marketing practices used by direct-marketers of beef in Virginia, including producersï_’ slaughter and processing decisions, as well as key marketing practices such as product form, advertising, and pricing.
- A characterization of direct-marketed beef production in VirginiaMainville, Denise Y.; Groover, Gordon E.; Webb, Bradley; Waddle, Ashleigh Danielle (Virginia Cooperative Extension, 2013-07-15)Describes the characteristics of producersï_’ farms and production techniques, including breeding and calving, pasture management, feeding and nutrition, finishing methods, and animal health care.
- A Citizens' Guide to The Use Value Taxation Program in VirginiaLamie, David; Groover, Gordon E. (Virginia Cooperative Extension, 2009-05-01)The purpose of this publication is to help farmland owners, farmers, and other interested citizens to better understand the use value taxation program in Virginia. The current farm crisis coupled with rapid growth at the rural-urban fringe has caused many to ask "How can we keep agricultural land in production?" Some are looking to their local governments' land use and taxation policy for solutions that might assist in answering this question. A local tax policy option that has been exercised widely in Virginia is use value taxation.
- A Citizens' Guide to The Use Value Taxation Program in VirginiaLamie, David; Groover, Gordon E. (Virginia Cooperative Extension, 2005-09-01)The purpose of this publication is to help farmland owners, farmers, and other interested citizens to better understand the use value taxation program in Virginia.
- CMN Farm Business Analysis System. Input Data Form for FRMDATAGroover, Gordon E. (Virginia Cooperative Extension Service, 1984-02)This form is for the organization of farm data to be analyzed by the CMN farm Business Analysis System. Financial analyses and efficiency factors are calculated for the farm. Two analyses may be obtained. The first analysis is for the calendar year for which the data applies. These data are stored on a computer so that a farm progress report may be produced after several years of data are accumulated. Individual farm information is protected against disclosure to others. Farm code numbers are assigned to each farm with only the person assigning the codes and the farmer knowing the individual identity. Access to individual data files is restricted. Land Resource Areas are included as a restricted code. You have been given the codes if they apply. Enter a "zero" or null line if you do not have a code.
- Crop residue management effects on crop production, greenhouse gases emissions, and soil quality in the Mid-Atlantic USABattaglia, Martin (Virginia Tech, 2018-12-19)Cellulosic biomass-to-bioenergy systems can provide environmental and economic benefits to modern societies, reducing the dependence on fossil-fuels and greenhouse gas emissions while simultaneously improving rural economies. Corn (Zea mays L.) stover and wheat straw (Triticum aestivum L.) residues have particular promise given these crops are widely grown and their cellulosic fractions present a captured resource as a co-product of grain production. Annual systems also offer the ability to change crops rapidly in response to changing market demands. However, concerns exist about residue removal effects on soil health, greenhouse gases emissions and subsequent crop productivity. The carbon footprint and the crop yield productivity and soil health responses resulting from the removal of crop residues has been studied extensively over the last 20 years, but this research has been largely conducted in the Corn Belt. To investigate the impact of crop residue removal in the Mid-Atlantic USA, combinations of corn stover (0, 3.33, 6.66, 10 and 20 Mg ha-1) and wheat straw (0, 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 Mgha-1) were soil applied in a corn-wheat/soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) rotation in Virginia's Coastal Plain. Corn stover (0, 3.33, 6.66, 10 and 20 Mg ha-1) was applied in a continuous corn cropping system in the Ridge/Valley province. For each system, residues were applied following grain harvest over two production cycles. Each experiment was conducted as a randomized complete design with four replications. The highest rates of stover retention resulted in greater greenhouse gas emissions in year 1, but not year 2 of these studies and did not affect overall global warming potentials. Stover application also increased soil carbon but had little effect on other measures of soil quality. Stover K levels were greater with high rates of stover retention. Overall, these studies indicate little effect of residue removal or retention (above typical residue production rates) on subsequent crop production, greenhouse gas emissions, or soil health measures in the short term. This study is one of the first to assess residue removal in the Mid-Atlantic USA and is the first study to investigate the impacts that managing more than one crop residue in a multi-crop system. Longer-term research of this type may be warranted both to determine the consequences of residue management and to start building a regionally-specific body of knowledge about these practices.
- A Descriptive Study of Grain Production, Consumption, and Storage in VirginiaCaffarelli, Peter Anthony (Virginia Tech, 2016-01-20)Agriculture is an important industry in Virginia, with an array of crops grown and animals produced. Virginia's crop, livestock, and poultry sectors sold agricultural products worth $1.4 billion and $2.4 billion, respectively, in 2012. One of the products, grain, serves as an important input for raising livestock and poultry. Virginia needs to import grain from other states (Eastern Corn Belt states) to meet current livestock feed requirements, an expense that raises the cost of production over locally sourced grains . Further, such movements of grain from producing-areas to demand-areas rely on the efficient and timely interaction of grain storage and transportation. Describing the details of the grain supply chain provides insights into the interplay and relationships among production, storage, transportation, and end users of grains and oilseeds in Virginia. Results of a state-wide survey of Virginia grain producers shed light on the following topics: current cropping practices; current grain storage practices; available farm-level storage and its use, age, and expected life; and future storage plans and constraints. Overall findings include, grain production in Virginia has generally increased over the last decade, yet storage capacity remains constant and continues to age; livestock and poultry populations are declining leading to less demand for feed grains and oilseeds; grain farmers report satisfaction with their current storage situation and higher returns to stored grain may encourage "non-storers" to build storage; and the majority the grain leaving the farm is hauled by truck over short distances (25 miles or less). Overall, the results provide a foundation for understanding the grain supply chain in Virginia and offer useful information to Virginia's agricultural stakeholders.
- Direct Marketers and the Virginia Sales TaxWhittle, Bill; Groover, Gordon E. (Virginia Cooperative Extension, 2009-05-26)When farmers sell retail or to the end-user, they must collect sales tax on the gross sales price of all retail sales. For the purpose of sales tax rules, farmers making direct sales are treated like all retail merchants and are obligated to collect and remit the sales tax on all retail sales to each customer.ï_
- Economic Pasture-Based Cow-Calf Systems for AppalachiaEmenheiser, Joseph Carl (Virginia Tech, 2014-01-06)Pasture-based beef production is well-suited for the Appalachian region of the United States. This research investigated pasture, beef cattle, and economics components within the cow-calf sector of pasture beef production, and presents implications of their interplay for the vitality of the whole system. Samples of forage DM mass and CP, ADF, NDF, and ash contents in each paddock of a rotational stocking system were collected monthly for 4 grazing seasons. Effects of month, stockpiling, hay feeding, temperature, precipitation, and durations of paddock grazing and rest on forage mass and quality measurements were investigated. The system was complex and dynamic; precipitation and rest days in particular showed clear interactions with both month and stockpiling when predicting forage mass and quality. Available DM, TDN, and CP were compared to nutrient density requirements for beef cows to conclude that the system met or exceeded requirements. Six years of production data from a spring-calving cow-calf enterprise that utilized rotational stocking and fall stockpiling were analyzed. Comparisons among 2 cow frame size and 2 calf creep system treatments for production efficiency (total weaning weight per land area), and net returns to the enterprise, were made. Pastures with medium frame cows and designated creep systems had the greatest production efficiency, but also had the highest costs and netted the least returns. Greatest net returns were achieved in large frame, forward creep systems, which had the lowest production efficiency but also the lowest costs. Provided the quality of calves produced is suitable for other phases of the production stream, we conclude that minimizing costs rather than maximizing productive outputs is a better focus for cow-calf enterprises faced with similar decisions among frame size and creep system treatments.