Browsing by Author "Obilade, Titilola T."

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    3D for STEM
    Obilade, Titilola T. (2017-03-07)
    In this site, you will find four lesson plans that have incorporated 3D printing. The lessons were from Geometry, Ecology, Earth Science and Chemistry. In Geometry, inverted cones were printed. A wind turbine was printed for Ecology, the solar system was printed for Earth Science and tyrosine was printed for Chemistry. Tinkercad software was used to create three of the designs (the inverted cones, the wind turbine and the solar system) apart from tyrosine. The stl files for the amino acid was from the public domain. The stl file used to print the Sierpinski triangle on this welcome page was also from the public domain.
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    Applying Learning Theories of Meaningful Reception Learning and Schema in Identifying Essential Information on the Front, Back and on the Inside of a Sewing Paper Pattern
    Obilade, Titilola T. (Virginia Tech, 2012-12-12)
    This lesson should take about 20-30 minutes to complete. At the end of this lesson the learner should be able to identify the essential information on the: 1) Front and Back of a Paper Pattern Envelope, and 2) Inside of a Paper Pattern Envelope. At the end of this presentation, you should be familiar with a sewing paper pattern, the essential information on the front and back of a paper pattern envelope. You should be familiar with the essential information inside the paper pattern envelope and the meanings of the common symbols found on a sewing paper pattern.
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    Asynchronous Module on Zotero
    Obilade, Titilola T. (Virginia Tech, 2011-11-19)
    This asynchronous module would introduce learners to the use of Zotero. Zotero is a free citation manager and is freely accessible over the Mozilla Firefox browser. There are other citation managers like EndNote, ProCite, Mendeley and Bookends but these are not free. EndNote is free as long as you are a registered student at Virginia Tech. The learners were not located at the same place as the instructor. This lesson would show how to import articles into Zotero.
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    Child Abuse and Disabled Children
    Obilade, Titilola T. (Virginia Tech, 2004-12-28)
    Children with disabilities are a population at a higher risk of abuse and maltreatment. Studies have shown that children with disabilities are 3.4 times more likely to be abused than nondisabled peers. These disabilities include children who are visually-impaired, hearing-impaired, chronically-ill, developmentally delayed, behaviorally or emotionally disordered. The apparent low incidence of child abuse perpetuated against disabled children in Nigeria may not be unrelated to the inability to recognize and report cases as they occur. Studies have also shown that cultural practices and traditional practices contribute to the problem of child abuse. Several elements may increase the risk of abuse for children with disabilities. Children with disabilities often place higher emotional, physical, economic and social demands on their families making it imperative for the caregivers or parents of children with disabilities to be supported. The parents should be supported by the community to prevent risk factors that may lead to child abuse. Risk factors for child abuse on children with disabilities can be increased when the parent/guardian becomes depressed with caring for the disabled child. Raising a disabled child in the family may lead to one parent abandoning the child, thereby creating an even greater burden on the parent that is left with the child. This also increases the risk of abuse on the disabled child. The support of the community is very important in managing a disabled child.
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    A Comparative Study of the Cognitive Function of the Hearing-Impaired and Non-Hearing Impaired in Two Primary Schools in Lagos State, Nigeria
    Obilade, Titilola T. (2015)
    Background: The study was carried out in two primary schools in Lagos State, Nigeria using 302 respondents aged 6-20 years. The study compared the cognitive function of pupils from Wesley School for the hearing-impaired with pupils from Onitolo Primary School, a main stream public school to see if similarities or differences existed in their cognitive function and to highlight the factors determining their performance on a standard non-verbal test. Method: The instrument of data collection was the Raven’s Standard Progressive Matrices, a standard, non-verbal intelligence test. Statistical association using Chi-Square was used to test for associations between categorical variables. Kruskal-Wallis was used to test for association in variables that were not normally distributed. Regression Coefficient was used to examine linear relationships between selected independent variables and the scores on the standardized test. As it was impossible to individually match human subjects in this study, the variables of class, sex, age and parents’ occupations were adjusted for matching by multiple regression analysis. Multiple regression analysis was used to examine which variables were significant predictors of performance taking possible confounders into consideration. Results: Respondents from Wesley School were much older than respondents from the public main-stream school, class for class. There was no statistically significant difference in their cognitive functions. The mean score difference between the two schools was 0.54 with respondents from Wesley School scoring higher (P > 0.05). Age, sex and class in primary school were determinants of score (P < 0.05). Males scored higher than females. Respondents of skilled parents had the highest scores. There was no relationship between the time the child became hearing-impaired and their scores (P > 0.05). The mean score difference between children that became hearing-impaired by their first year of life and children that became hearing-impaired after the first year of life was 1.83 (P > 0.05). The children that became hearing-impaired before their first year of life scored higher (P > 0.05) than those that became hearing-impaired after their first year of life. Conclusion: There was no statistically significant difference in the cognitive functions between the hearing-impaired and the non-hearing- impaired pupils. Age, sex and class were determinants of score (P < 0.05). In Nigeria, children that are hearing-impaired should be given equal opportunities especially in education.
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    A Comparative Study of the Cognitive Function of the Hearing-impaired and Non-Hearing-impaired Pupils of Two Primary Schools in Lagos State, Nigeria.
    Obilade, Titilola T. (Virginia Tech, 2007-02-23)
    The World Summit for Children of which Nigeria is a signatory promised to ratify the convention on the rights of the child. In Africa, the problem of the handicapped child is by no means insignificant. Communicable diseases are important causes of morbidity and mortality in Nigerian children. There is a disagreement even amongst experts about the thinking processes of people with hearing impairments. The difficulty faced with the hearing-impaired in Africa is that they fall behind in their academic achievements. Also, they leave school less qualified than their hearing peers. The attitude of the society in Nigeria is that these children are best forgotten in homes and that they cannot achieve a functional capacity in society. Hearing-impaired children hardly go beyond the primary school level because it is believed that their level of intelligence is not the same as children with normal hearing. Cognitive functions deals with the mental processes that deal with thinking, perceiving and understanding. This study hopes to examine similarities or differences that may exist in the cognitive functions of the hearing-impaired and the nonhearing-impaired using non-verbal tests. This study also hopes to highlight the intelligence level of the hearing-impaired persons and other cognitive functions using a modified Raven’s Standard Progressive Matrices.
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    A Descriptive Study of the Knowledge-Base of Malaria between the Visually-impaired and the Non-Visually impaired in Two Primary Schools in Lagos, Nigeria; implications for health education
    Obilade, Titilola T. (2015)
    Background: The study was carried out in two primary schools in Lagos State, Nigeria. One hundred students were from Pacelli School for the Blind and one hundred and sixty-four students were from Onitolo Primary School, a main stream school. The study compared the knowledge base of the two groups on malaria prevention and treatment options. Approval for the study was granted by the Ethics Committee of the Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria and consent was sought from parents/guardians of the students and from the principals of the two schools. Method: The instrument of data collection was a close ended questionnaire. The average time it took to fill the questionnaire was twenty minutes. Analysis of categorical variables was done by Chi-Square Analysis. Results: The respondents from Pacelli School for the Blind were older than the respondents from Onitolo Primary School when matched by class in primary school (P < 0.05). The majority of the respondents were Yorubas, 178 (70.5%). In Pacelli School, the number of males that were visually-impaired was more than the number of females (P < 0.05). There was a statistically significant difference on their knowledge base on the cause of malaria (P < 0.05). The students from Pacelli School 92 (92%) knew that malaria was caused by mosquitoes and only 75 (45.7%) of the respondents from Onitolo knew that malaria was caused by mosquitoes. The age at which respondents from Pacelli School became visually impaired was not statistically related to the correct knowledge that malaria was caused by mosquito (P < 0.05). The number of respondents that preferred the parenteral route for treatment of malaria was fewer in Pacelli School than in Onitolo School (P < 0.05). A greater number of respondents from Pacelli School did not like to take malaria tablets because the malaria tablets were bitter (P < 0.05). The major source of information about malaria from both schools was from their doctors and other health personnel 116 (43.9 %). When the responses from both groups were combined, the least source of information about malaria in both groups was from teacher/school 27 (10.2%). Two hundred and twenty-seven (85%) of the respondents would choose a doctor as their health-care provider if they had malaria (P > 0.05). In Pacelli School, 44 (44%) of the respondents had had malaria in the past twelve months. In Onitolo School, 49 (29.9%) of the respondents had had malaria in the past twelve months. There was no statistically significant difference in the number of times both groups had had malaria in the past twelve months. Conclusion: There were more visually-impaired males in Pacelli School than females. There was a statistically significant difference on their knowledge base on the cause of malaria. More students from Pacelli School had the correct knowledge on the cause of malaria. The major source of information about malaria from both schools was from their doctors and other health personnel. Teacher/School was the least source of information about malaria when responses from both schools were combined. Health Education on preventable diseases like malaria should be strengthened in both schools. More schools for the visually-impaired should be replicated across the states in Nigeria and more schools for the visually-impaired should be replicated in Lagos State.
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    Designing Intuitive Web Pages for E- learning
    Obilade, Titilola T. (Virginia Tech, 2013-02)
    This paper discussed in this poster is about designing intuitive web pages for e-learning. There are numerous frameworks for e-learning. I have looked at the different frameworks for e-learning and they all possess a common thread; there is a desire on the part of the facilitator to reduce the separation between the instructor and the learners. However, the blending of facilitator and learners and learners with other learners depends on the personality type of learners as well as the design of the web pages. The paper discussed in this poster is about designing intuitive web pages.
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    Ebola Virus Disease Stigmatization; The Role of Societal Attributes
    Obilade, Titilola T. (2015)
    Globally, persons with diseases like leprosy, tuberculosis, H1N1, SARS or HIV/AIDS have been stigmatized. The ongoing Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreak in West Africa has been the longest outbreak in the history of the disease and the first outbreak to ever occur in West Africa. The strain of Ebolavirus in West Africa is one of the most virulent strains of the Filoviridae family and case fatalities can be as high as 90%. Treatment of EVD is mainly supportive and societal attributes contribute to stigmatization of the disease and ultimately the spread of the disease. The method used in this study was a search in major databases including PUBMED and Google Scholar. The search phrase used in PUBMED was Ebola stigma. In Google Scholar, the search phrases used included Ebola stigma, EVD, perception of disease, culture and disease. The study also included a review of current events and data from the World Health Organization (WHO) and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). In this review, an overview of filoviral hemorrhagic fevers was discussed. The cultural beliefs on the causes of diseases and the stigmatization of infectious diseases in history were examined. In addition, the virulence between severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and EVD were compared. Specifically, it examined Ebola stigmatization and identified societal attributes responsible for the stigma and the implications for controlling the spread. It also points to ways to reduce EVD stigmatization as a way of controlling the spread of EVD. While there is a lot of ongoing research for the cure and control of EVD, little attention is being paid to the role of stigmatization in the control of the disease. Fear is the driving force of EVD stigmatization because EVD is a virulent, fast killing disease that has no cure. Powerlessness is another driving force in stigmatization. The sensationalism in news reporting and the mistrust of the government are factors playing on fear and rumor. Counselling should be provided to the community before survivors of EVD return home. Survivors of EVD should be counselled before going home. The government should set up a task force on stigmatization and make efforts to regain the trust of the people. Memorials for those that died from EVD should be erected in each of the districts affected. Schools should not be closed for long periods and should only be closed if there is recourse to distance education. Faith based organizations can also use the methods for distance education as a means to encourage their followers.
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    HCI and E-Learning: Developing a Framework for Evaluating E-Learning
    Obilade, Titilola T. (2015)
    This chapter developed a framework for evaluating e-learning for use in Human Computer Interaction (HCI). A systems approach was used in the study; input, processes and output. Eleven categorizations of evaluation of e-learning were identified and five categorizations were examined because the remaining six overlapped with the five categorizations used. A twelfth categorization; matching learning theories to learning outcomes was added by this author. For each categorization, two studies were examined and compared for use of theory, criteria, objectives and outcomes. Altogether, within each categorization examined, the evaluations were not conducted in the same way making it difficult to compare. This author hopes that over the years, a consistency in evaluations would be achieved for use in HCI.
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    The History of Distance Education in West Africa; The Timbuktian Scholarship - A Critical Appraisal.
    Obilade, Titilola T. (Virginia Tech, 2013-02)
    The purpose of the paper discussed in this poster was to trace the historical background of Distance Education (DE) in West Africa and to examine the challenges. The history of DE in West Africa can be traced back to the 12th Century. The Timbuktian scholarship started as far back as the 12th Century and included jurisprudence, Islamic education as well as grammar (Saad, 1983). It also included Astonomy, Government, Philosophy and Ethics. In the 12th Century, the challenges of DE was the danger of attack from bandits, the attack from hostile empires, the rigorous hand copying of hundreds of thousands of manuscripts and the extended months it took for learning materials to arrive. Today, the challenges of distance education in West Africa are the prohibitive cost of hardware, the lack of technical support and the language factor.
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    How Learning Occurs from the Lesson on Identifying Essential Information on a Sewing Paper Pattern Using Meaningful Reception Learning and Schema Theories
    Obilade, Titilola T. (Virginia Tech, 2012-12-12)
    The lesson is delivered online and not face-to-face. The lesson consists of a 12-minute video where the instructor goes over the PowerPoint slides and displays different paper patterns, sewn jumpers and different notions. The notions are the threads, buttons zippers, applique and other accessories that can be used in sewing the article or garment. In addition to the video, there was a PowerPoint presentation with 28 slides. The lesson made use of various forms of technology. It made use of PowerPoint slides, iMovie and the smart board.
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    Implications of Similarities in Instructional Design, Learner Interface Design and User Interface Design in Designing a User-Friendly Online Module
    Obilade, Titilola T. (Virginia Tech, 2015)
    The development of a user-friendly online module depends on the inputs, the processes and the outcomes from the user interface design, the learner interface design and the instructional design. The online module includes the user interface design, the learner interface and the instructional design. This chapter would examine the theories behind these three designs. What guidelines can be garnered from the theories of these three designs? How can these guidelines be used to develop a user-friendly online module? In addition, it would examine their similarities and how they can be used to develop a user-friendly online module. Further, the chapter recommended an alignment of the garnered guidelines from the three designs to explore the plausible reasons for the high attrition rate in Massive Open Online Courses (MOOC).
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    Instructional Technology and Distance Education in Nigeria: Historical Background and a Critical Appraisal
    Obilade, Titilola T. (2013)
    The purpose of this article is to examine the use of instructional technology in distance education in Nigeria and to trace the historical origins of distance education in Nigeria. Nigeria is the most populous country in Africa. It is located in West Africa and bordered by Niger to the North, Benin to the West, Cameroon to the East and the Atlantic Ocean on the South. One-third larger than the state of Texas (Infoplease, 2011), it is the sixth largest country in the world. Nigeria had a population of 167 Million in 2011 (National Population Commission Nigeria, 2011). It has 36 states and a Federal Capital territory. The fifth largest producer of crude oil in the world, it has been a member of Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) since 1971 (2010/ 2011 OPEC Statistical Annual Report). Oil is responsible for 20% of its gross product.
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    Instructional Technology and Distance Education in Nigeria; Historical Background and a Critical Appraisal.
    Obilade, Titilola T. (Virginia Tech, 2012-02-17)
    The purpose of the paper discussed in this poster is to examine the use of instructional technology in distance education in Nigeria and to trace the historical origins of distance education in Nigeria. There have been various definitions of distance learning and e-learning (Akande, 2011; Oguzor, 2011). In this paper, the researcher would define e-learning as delivery of instruction through electronic media. The researcher would also use distance education as a form of learning that involves less physical contact than the traditional classrooms and communication through electronic means or print. These electronic means include mobile telephones, email, CD-ROM Packages, videophone system, computer, digital library, radio and television broadcasts. In Nigeria, students involved in distance learning are sometimes referred to as sandwich students or part-time students (Adesoye & Amusa, 2011). They are usually workers or students who were not able to gain admission into the university as the entrance examinations into the various universities are highly competitive and spaces are limited (Adesoye & Amusa, 2011). They usually take a correspondence course during the year. During this time, the instructional materials may be sent through mail or the student would drive to designated centers to pick up the study materials and use the library resources. In Olabisi Onabanjo University and Tai Solarin University of Education, in addition to the distance education, the students get face to face instruction for a period of a few weeks while the full-time students are on the semester break (Adesoye & Amusa, 2011).
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    The Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Exclusive Breastfeeding among Mothers in Two Semi-Urban Areas around a Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI) Designated Hospital in Lagos State, Nigeria
    Obilade, Titilola T. (2015)
    Background: The World health Organization (WHO) and United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) initiated intensive efforts to transform hospitals into breastfeeding support centers through the Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI). The study populations in this study were geographically located within the vicinity of a BFHI designated Hospital in Lagos, Nigeria. The aim of this study was to determine the knowledge, attitude and practice of exclusive breast feeding among mothers in two semi-urban areas around a BFHI designated hospital. Method: Four hundred self-administered questionnaires were distributed to mothers from two semi urban areas in Surulere Local Government Area of Lagos, Nigeria to ascertain their socio demographic data, knowledge, attitude and practice of exclusive breastfeeding. Approval for the study was granted by the Ethics Committee. The respondents were chosen by simple random sampling. The questions covered socio demographic data, knowledge, attitude and the practice of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF). Collected data was analyzed and investigated for statistical associations. Results: The knowledge, attitude and practice of exclusive breastfeeding amongst mothers in the semi urban area of Lagos, Nigeria is statistically significantly affected by their educational level and by their professional level. Those with a higher level of education were more likely to have a correct knowledge (P < 0.05). Religion, educational level, professional level and number of children were statistically significant for practicing EBF for at least three months (P < 0.05). The belief that colostrum is not good for the baby was statistically significant for educational level and profession (P < 0.05). The belief that sperm could get into the breast milk was statistically significant for age, religion, ethnic group, education, profession and the number of children (P < 0.05). Out of all the socio demographic variables examined, educational level of the mother and the mother’s professional level were the two variables that were most frequently statistically significant for knowledge, attitude and practice questions. Conclusion: The knowledge, attitude and practice of breastfeeding are mostly affected by the education and the profession of the mother. Certain beliefs about breast milk and sperm were statistically significant across all the socio demographic data examined. Recommendations were made to increase health education targeted at correcting beliefs about colostrum and breast milk. Recommendation was also made for a reevaluation of BFHI.
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    Medication Errors: The Role of Societal Attributes
    Obilade, Titilola T. (IGI Global, 2015)
    Depending on the statistics examined, medication errors may be responsible for the deaths of 44000 to 400000 in hospitals. This chapter examined the role of societal roles in medication errors. Several studies have been conducted on medication errors but there is no uniformity in the definition which makes evaluation of medication error difficult. Despite the non-uniformity of definitions, all the research articles reviewed agreed that enhanced oral and written communication between the health care providers and patients or parents of patients was a step towards the prevention of medication errors. Health literacy of both health care providers and the consumers play a contributory role to medication errors.
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    The Plight of the Visually Impaired in Africa
    Obilade, Titilola T. (Medical Women’s Association of Nigeria. Lagos State Branch, 2004)
    Africa is one of the largest continents of the world and ironically beset with overwhelming problems in preventive medicine. While consumers of fast food products in the United States of America can sue the fast food chain restaurants as being responsible for their obesity, millions of Africans still go hungry. In a society where the African with all his/her senses intact is still struggling to cope with the daily chores of living, the visually impaired person is in a worse situation.
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    The Political Economy and Stigmatization of HIV/AIDS in Patients Attending a Clinic in Lagos, Nigeria
    Obilade, Titilola T. (2015)
    Background: The aim of the study was to highlight the political economy of HIV/AIDS in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) through use of relevant literature and administration of self-administered questionnaires. The study was carried out in the south-western region of Nigeria, using patients attending the HIV/AIDS clinic at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos Nigeria. Method: The questionnaires were distributed in the HIV/AIDS clinic and respondents were interviewed by the Principal Investigator and medical students. Results were collated and analysed using EPI INFO 6 statistical software. Chi Square analysis was used to test for association between categorical variables at a P value of 0.05. Results were presented in tables and charts. Further, the study determined the socio-demographic pattern of the patients, the changes in marital status, employment status and residential status since diagnosis. In addition, the study sought to determine areas of stigmatization as well as the fraction of monthly income spent on HIV/AIDS care. Results: Literature showed that employers were not willing to employ a person with HIV/AIDS and that vulnerable employment was the predominant form of employment in sub-Saharan Africa. This was re-affirmed by the study. Thirteen (13%) respondents lost their jobs after diagnosis and about 75 (75.0%) of respondents were in vulnerable employment. Sixty-four (64%) of the respondents were married before diagnosis and 53 (53.0%) still married after diagnosis, five of the respondents’ spouses had died, three had been divorced, and four had been separated from their spouses (P < 0.05). Sixty-one (61.0%) of the respondents got their financial support from their family. Stigmatization increased with the number of people that knew of their diagnosis (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Loss of job occurred in respondents when the employers knew of the diagnosis. The household income spent on HIV/AIDS care ranged from one-third to half of the monthly income. It was recommended that the government provide incentives for employers to hire PLWHA. Efforts should be made to reduce stigmatization through health education. Health education should target employers, religious organizations and family members. Self-sustaining financing schemes should be developed for PLWHA and their families.
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    The Political Economy of Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) in West African Countries
    Obilade, Titilola T. (International Archives of Medicine, 2015)
    The Ebola virus disease (EVD) was first reported to have been identified in Africa in 1976 when it occurred in south Sudan and Zaire (now Democratic Republic of Congo). Its first occurrence in West Africa was in a 1994 lone infection of an ethnologist in Côte d’Ivoire but in 2014, there was an outbreak in West Africa stemming from an index case in Guinea. After more than a year, the outbreak is still ongoing. The EVD is one of the filoviral hemorrhagic fevers. This paper examined the political economies in West African nations in relation to the management of their natural resources and the resultant susceptibility to an infectious disease outbreak. A review of the African Development Bank Reports from 2007 to 2012 showed that abundant natural resources did not translate to improved economic opportunities but usually a downturn in economic resources and poor governance riddled by civil conflicts over the regions of natural resources. The foundational issues in the current outbreak lie in the political economies of the West African countries that have left the citizens of the affected nations poor with weak and struggling infrastructures. The numerous conflicts have made the West African nations susceptible to preventable diseases like EVD. Ecological studies also suggest that changes in climatic conditions around the West African country of Guinea enabled the Ebola virus to come in contact with humans. In order to achieve a long-term, sustainable control of EVD, the author admits that it is not enough to view the outbreak as just a result of a disease pathogen but to delve into the foundational causes of the disease outbreak which has made the West African nations susceptible to an infectious agent like the ebolavirus. These foundational causes are the outcomes of the political economies over natural resources in the West African nations. This paper suggests that governments of West African nations should develop a transborder framework for regions around natural resources and those governments should be more transparent with the people they govern. In addition, individuals and communities should take ownership in the prevention and control of EVD.