VTechWorks Repository :: Browsing by Author "Randolph, John"

Browsing by Author "Randolph, John"

Now showing 1 - 20 of 100

The Adoption of Low Impact Development by Local Governments
Jeong, Moonsun (Virginia Tech, 2010-03-25)
Low impact development (LID) is an innovative stormwater management technique that was introduced in early 1990s. However, the transition to use of this more sustainable method has been slow due to technical, institutional, and regulatory barriers to LID adoption. The research questions for this study are: What constitutes LID adoption? Why do localities adopt LID? What are the major factors that influenced the level of LID adoption by local governments? Specifically, this study focused on motivations and key determinants of LID adoption by local governments. By answering these questions, we will have better knowledge about how to approach the adoption process of environmental innovations. The findings of the study will benefit any potential localities considering LID adoption. The theory of diffusion of innovations is applied as it is very flexible to investigate complex topics like environmental innovation involving multiple factors and environments. To explore the role of local governments in LID adoption, sub-theories like organizational innovation and policy adoption are reviewed. Based on these theoretical foundations, four constructs of variables which include innovation, organizations, motivations, and surrounding organizational context are investigated. The case study method is used for eight counties (Amherst, Bedford, Chesterfield, Fairfax, Isle of Wight, Roanoke, Stafford, and Spotsylvania) and two cities (City of Charlottesville, City of Roanoke) in Virginia. Key informants from each locality were selected for in-depth interviews and additional document reviews for each case are used to support multiple case studies. LID adoption consists of various forms such as regulations, practices, and plans. A combination of all forms of LID activities and programs was used to measure LID adoption level. Based on nine criteria (i.e., adoption mode, use of the term "LID" in local codes, code details, LID manuals, demonstration projects, number of LID projects after LID code adoption, education programs, task force, and incentives), localities with three levels of LID adoption have been determined. Influencing factors of innovation adoption varied depending on level of LID adoption (high, moderate, and low). Therefore, strategies to promote environmental innovation should be developed in relation to the level of innovation adoption. The research findings revealed two major determinants that influenced the level of LID adoption. One is strong champions, and the other is regulatory mandates. A champion-driven LID adoption model is found in high level LID adoption localities. Usually, individuals from local governments, NGOs, and development communities have played a critical role in LID adoption process. The local government organizations in this group are usually self-motivated for innovation adoption. Especially, the presence of strong champions was identified as a key factor to the higher level of innovation adoption. On the other hand, a regulation-driven LID adoption model is found in moderate to low level LID adoption localities. These localities are strongly influenced by state regulatory mandates. In these cases, external forces motivate local governments to adopt innovations.
An Analysis of Household Water Supply Impacts by Underground Coal Mining in Virginia
Zipper, Carl E.; Balfour, William; Randolph, John; Roth, Richard A. (Virginia Tech. Virginia Center for Coal and Energy Research., 1994-05)
Underground coal mining can affect wells and springs used as water supplies. Subsidence caused by underground mining is generally acknowledged to be a primary cause of groundwater resource effects. In coal producing regions of Virginia and neighboring states, many rural residents depend on groundwater as their primary water source. Although it is well known that underground mines can impact groundwater supplies, guidelines for determining if a specific mining operation will be likely to affect a particular water supply have not been developed for the Virginia coalfield area. Complicating factors include variations in mining methods, depth of mining, and geology among locations within the Virginia coalfield area, and between the Virginia coalfield and mining areas in other states. Throughout central Appalachia, contested allegations of water supply impacts have been the subject of disputes between mining firms and residents. The costs associated with disruptions of groundwater supplies in rural areas can be substantial. When a household's water supply is disrupted, an alternative supply must be developed or the property must be abandoned. One way or the other, somebody must pay. When the cause of a water supply disruption is disputed, both sides must bear costs to resolve that dispute, through litigation or other means. Rational resource management requires that clear guidelines be available for determining cause-and-effect relationships. Such guidelines are not currently available for application to potential water supply impacts of underground mining operations in Virginia. The purpose of this paper is to report the results of an analysis of water supply impacts of underground mining in Virginia. We analyzed reports of 73 water supply investigations conducted by the Virginia Division of Mined Land Reclamation (VDMLR). These investigations were conducted between 1981 and 1987 for the purpose of resolving disputes between surface residents and underground mining firms. The results of the VDMLR investigations were analyzed with reference to guidelines for identifying the zone of subsidence influence on groundwater supplies which were prepared by geologist Henry Rauch (1989). based on research which he and his students conducted in the northern West Virginia - western Pennsylvania area. Rauch's "rules of thumb" are the most complete and explicit published guidelines for determining subsidence impacts on water supplies in Appalachia. This research addresses a subject that is relevant to recently enacted legislation. Section 2504 of the federal Energy Policy Act of 1992 requires mining firms to replace water supplies damaged by underground mining. Virginia House Bill 1687 (1993) also requires water replacement. In developing regulations to implement these laws, federal and state agencies must develop guidelines for determining whether or not alleged water supply impacts are, in fact, mining related.
Analysis of Multiresolution Data fusion Techniques
Carter, Duane B. (Virginia Tech, 1998-03-23)
In recent years, as the availability of remote sensing imagery of varying resolution has increased, merging images of differing spatial resolution has become a significant operation in the field of digital remote sensing. This practice, known as data fusion, is designed to enhance the spatial resolution of multispectral images by merging a relatively coarse-resolution image with a higher resolution panchromatic image of the same geographic area. This study examines properties of fused images and their ability to preserve the spectral integrity of the original image. It analyzes five current data fusion techniques for three complex scenes to assess their performance. The five data fusion models used include one spatial domain model (High-Pass Filter), two algebraic models (Multiplicative and Brovey Transform), and two spectral domain models (Principal Components Transform and Intensity-Hue-Saturation). SPOT data were chosen for both the panchromatic and multispectral data sets. These data sets were chosen for the high spatial resolution of the panchromatic (10 meters) data, the relatively high spectral resolution of the multispectral data, and the low spatial resolution ratio of two to one (2:1). After the application of the data fusion techniques, each merged image was analyzed statistically, graphically, and for increased photointerpretive potential as compared with the original multispectral images. While all of the data fusion models distorted the original multispectral imagery to an extent, both the Intensity-Hue-Saturation Model and the High-Pass Filter model maintained the original qualities of the multispectral imagery to an acceptable level. The High-Pass Filter model, designed to highlight the high frequency spatial information, provided the most noticeable increase in spatial resolution.
An Appalachian House: The Design and Analysis of a Passive Solar House
Rogers, Robin Elaine (Virginia Tech, 1999-05-10)
This project is a proposal for the design of a house situated on a plot of land within the town limits of Blacksburg. It incorporates ideas drawn from many sources, particularly from this region of Appalachia -- its geology, architectural heritage, building materials, history, Blacksburg's Comprehensive Plan, housing, agriculture and energy resources. An introduction discusses some ideas on architecture followed by chapters which provide the basis upon which the design was developed, then a description of the house design and drawings followed by an analysis of the environmental responsiveness of the design using a computer program called "Energy Scheming."
Applicability of Healthy Communities in Virginia
Ahmed, Hala Abdel Rahim (Virginia Tech, 1999-03-02)
Healthy Cities/Communities (HC) is an experiment that addresses health from a non-medical perspective. It focuses on health as a phenomenon that is not amenable to conventional scientific investigation or discussion. HC emphasizes values of community, aestheticism, relativism and private behavior. Review of available material establishes that an existing understanding of the concepts underlying HC movement contributes to its successful application. No research appears on the attitudes of health care providers and public health officials on general beliefs about health. The importance of gauging the perceptions of these two sectors could determine the potential success of collaborative efforts for improving public health. Studies of health-related professionals, their perceptions for community health promotion and role of the administrative process, among others, will establish this potential in accordance with what the literature demonstrates. This study compares the attitudes and preferences of public health professionals and members of the hospital service category in Virginia concerning Healthy Communities concepts. The study concludes that the two sectors surveyed have similar attitudes and preferences on the issues that promote community health, thus showing potential for successful collaboration. Future research can explore the attitudes of other sectors, such as educational institutions, and their potential for engaging in collaborative efforts to create healthier communities.
An Approach to Open Space Planning Based on the Principles of Landscape Ecology: An Application to Greater Roanoke Area
Rao, Rekha (Virginia Tech, 1997-05-05)
The population of Greater Roanoke Area during the last decade grew by ten percent. The recent growth has changed the countryside. The agricultural lands in this area has been replaced by sprawling housing subdivisions and strip commercial development. Greater Roanoke Area and its surrounding areas now face problems of traffic congestion, visual and environmental degradation due to commercial and residential growth. Greater Roanoke Area will need an innovative open space plan which preserves the natural character and unique qualities of the place. Many other regions and counties in the United States share similar concerns and needs. There has been parallel progress in the field of landscape ecology and landscape planning for better understanding of our environment. The primary goal of this thesis is to use concepts from both of these fields with an intent of developing an approach which will help both planners and landscape architects to plan and design for open space in a way that meets long term ecological needs and concerns. This thesis develops a process whereby an optimum spatial pattern for Greater Roanoke Area (one that maintains biodiversity, protects natural and cultural resources, improves water quality, protects soils, and increases productivity) is derived. This open space planning approach can in turn be used to guide other regions and counties in developing ecologically grounded open space plans. Spatial attributes, functions and the change dynamics of the landscape are targeted and analyzed to provide a foundation for an open space plan. Management priorities are then established for protecting, enhancing, and restoring agricultural lands, forest lands, wetlands, streams, and special sites. The tools for preserving open space areas are education, community involvement and government regulations.
An ArcView tool for simulating Land Subdivision for Build Out Analysis
Wakchaure, Ashwini S. (Virginia Tech, 2001-05-22)
The objective of this paper is to develop a tool in ArcView for simulating the land subdivision process in order to simplify the process of build out analysis. Build out analysis is a valuable tool for evaluating the effectiveness of land regulations and performing impact analysis of development on the environment and other natural resources. The process involved in carrying out build out analysis involves dealing with various layers of spatial information, maps and tabular data. Geographical information systems (GIS) are very effective in handling spatial and tabular data. Analysis of various layers of information at the city level can be done simultaneously using GIS. However, GIS does not possess necessary tools to model future development on buildable land. Hence modeling of development is done using AutoCAD or similar drafting software. In addition, the modeling of development has to be done at a single parcel level, as parcel characteristics like size, shape, terrain, land use and zone greatly influence the probable pattern of subdivision of land parcel. This paper looks at the process of developing a subdivision layout in AutoCAD at a single parcel level. Based on the understanding of this process, a tool has been developed in ArcView, which enables a user to draw different arrangements of lots in gridiron pattern of development. This tool has been developed using Avenue. The layout developed using ArcView program is not as precise as the AutoCAD generated layout, however it is sufficient to simulate a probable subdivision layout pattern for a land parcel in less time.
Assessment of the use of DRASTIC results by local governments in Virginia
Burton, Patrick (Virginia Tech, 1990-06-06)
Use of DRASTIC evaluation results in the study counties has varied. The widest use of the results, so far, has been as a reference in comprehensive plans. Future use of DRASTIC results is anticipated in several counties. The DRASTIC methodology is perceived as effective by a large majority of the study counties. Rural (more groundwater dependent) counties viewed DRASTIC evaluation results as more useful or more beneficial than did the urban (less groundwater dependent) counties. The lack of site-specificity of DRASTIC maps is viewed by several county officials as a limitation. The expectations/limitations/concerns cited by county officials suggest a low level of confidence in the DRASTIC results in several counties. Table 5 contains a partial summary of interview responses. Table 5 provides a summary of the use of DRASTIC results by particular counties in the study and also partially summarizes the opinions of county officials regarding the DRASTIC methodology and DRASTIC results.
Assessment of Virginia Coalfield Region Capability to Support an Electric Power Generation Industry
Zipper, Carl E.; Henritze, Thomas K.; Randolph, John (Virginia Tech. Virginia Center for Coal and Energy Research., 1994-01)
This paper describes the results of research conducted to assess the capacity of the Virginia coalfields to support electric power generation facilities. The research also addressed potential economic impacts of power generation facilities.
Athletic Practice Facility Site Evaluation Committee Final Report
Randolph, John; Bork, Dean R.; DiSalvo, Rick; Dodson, Kara; Gabbard, Tom; Karpanty, Sarah M.; Keown, Arthur J.; Killough, Larry; LaClair, Leigh; Lyons, Maxine; Reynolds, Glenn; Walters, Jeffrey R.; Wilkinson, Emily; Wise, Chris; Wiseman, P. Eric (Virginia Tech APFSEC Committee, 2012-05-30)
The Athletic Practice Facility Site Evaluation Committee (APFSEC) was established in January 2012 to help Virginia Tech resolve a controversy surrounding the proposal to build a 2.1 acre indoor athletic practice facility in part of a designated Environmental Greenway known as Stadium Woods. After four months of data gathering and biweekly meetings, the Committee recognized that its siting decision was a matter not simply about whether or not to build in the woods, but also about the design of the campus built environment, disruption and mitigation of existing and prospective campus facilities and uses, and accommodating the development of the athletic facility at a suitable location and a workable cost. The demonstrated social importance of Stadium Woods became the determining factor in the Committee’s deliberations and the consensus report. This summary and recommendations introduces the issue, describes the Committee’s process, discusses the site evaluation, and offers five recommendations:

Designate Stadium Woods as a Reserve and develop a protection, management, and use planfor the Woods.

Relocate the proposed facility site from the Woods site to the Washington Street tennis court site and develop a site orientation and design that considers cost, aesthetics, mitigation of existing uses, and minimal impact on the Woods.

Commence construction of replacement tennis courts and roller hockey rink displaced by the Washington St. site before the existing facilities are closed.

Allocate incremental costs associated with the site relocation, which are a measure of the preservation value of the Woods, to funding sources other than Athletics and Recreational Sports.

Review procedures for assessing variance with the Master Plan to safeguard against future controversies of this type.
B. Water Resources Management in Virginia and the Role of Localities
Randolph, John (Virginia Tech. College of Architecture and Urban Studies., 1991-03)
This report is one of ten volumes that make up the Sourcebook for Local Water Resources Management, which provides a wide range of information to assist localities in Virginia. The compendium was produced by a team from the College of Architecture and Urban Studies at Virginia Tech with a grant from the Virginia Environmental Endowment (VEE). The objective of the project is to help localities develop the means to respond to local water-related problems and to incorporate water resources information into land use and comprehensive planning.
Build-Out Analysis as a Planning Tool With a Demonstration for Roanoke County, Virginia
Zirkle, Mary A. (Virginia Tech, 2003-04-18)
The objectives of this paper are to explain what build-out analysis is and how localities can integrate it into their planning regimen. In addition, I will demonstrate a build-out analysis tailored to Roanoke County, Virginia, in order to calculate the fiscal impact of its current zoning ordinance at complete build-out. I conclude with recommendations for Roanoke County, other uses of build-out analysis and conclusions about this tool. The purpose of a build-out analysis is to show a locality what land is available for development, how much development can occur and at what densities, and what consequences may result when complete build-out of available land occurs according to the zoning ordinance. A build-out analysis can reflect changes in the zoning ordinance to illustrate the effects of those changes on future resources. A build-out analysis can also help quantify the costs of growth. Original build-out analyses were done by hand and relied on mathematical formulas. Now, build-out analyses are becoming more popular, feasible and dynamic with advances in computers and developments in geographic information system (GIS) software. While mathematical formulas still produce the quantitative measures of build out, GIS can provide visual representation and spatial specificity, as well as some of the quantitative measures. The first part of this paper describes the process of conducting a build-out analysis. The second part uses a modified process to illustrate how to tailor build-out analysis to a real location. This location is Roanoke County, which is experiencing growth demands in its low- to medium-density residential zoning districts. It appears from my analysis that Roanoke County can withstand another century of growth in these zoning districts before it reaches build-out, if the smallest lot sizes are applied. If larger lots are used, build-out will occur faster. From my analysis, it appears that small-lot zoning would cost the County more initially but may ultimately preserve more of the things that citizens value, as described in the goals of the 1998 Community Plan. Measures need to be taken at present to prepare for the growth allowed by the Countyâ s 1992 Zoning Ordinance.
Case studies of innovative planning and design practices Draft
Randolph, John (Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. Extension Division, 1985-03)
Climate Change Relocation as an Adaptation Strategy: from Taboo to Opportunity
Bukvic, Anamaria (Virginia Tech, 2012-07-19)
Relocation is often taboo among policy makers and planners due to its political, social, and ethical connotations, and although increasingly mentioned as one of the potential climate change adaptation strategies, it mostly adheres to rhetoric with limited discussion of its actual implementation. Scientific study and observation indicate the imminence of climate change impacts, many of which may exceed the adaptive capacity of vulnerability hotspots. Therefore, it is imperative to reassess this response option in the light of its past negative reputation, the success of current initiatives, and decision makers' evolving perception of relocation as an adaptation option. The main objective of this dissertation research is to determine the need for, interest in, and prospects for community relocations as an adaptation option; explore ways to address limitations associated with this alternative, and identify opportunities that could emerge from the relocation process. This study reviews experiences from the past and current relocation efforts and gauges the current level of interest in and support for this adaptation option among policy makers and planners. It also provides conceptual models - the relocation scenario, its digitalized simulation, the Climate Change Relocation Leaf, and the Relocation Suitability Index - designed to help communities, policy makers and planners explore this alternative. The research commences with a comprehensive literature review of theoretical knowledge, past experiences, current case studies, and the existing state of institutional, political, and social perspectives related to climate change migration and relocation. It continues with a comparative content analysis of climate change adaptation plans to elucidate the relocation rhetoric utilized in the selected texts at what frequency and in what context. Next, the study represents the climate change relocation models and a scenario developed to engage decision-makers and stakeholders in assessing the need for and possibility of relocation. Lastly, the project concludes with the development of a conceptual and tabular framework for the Relocation Suitability Index and subsequent simulation designed to compare possible relocation host sites systematically based on their absorption capacity.
Cogeneration/IPP Development in the Virginia Coalfields: Coal and Natural Gas Availability
Randolph, John; Zipper, Carl E.; Hensley, Michael (Virginia Tech. Virginia Center for Coal and Energy Research., 1990-05)
This study attempts to quantify the potential for cogeneration and independent power production (IPP) development based on local ruel availability in the Virginia coalfields. An estimate of available fuel is determined from interviews with a sample of the region's largest coal and natural gas producers. They were asked specifically what quantity of coal or gas they would be willing to provide under long-term contract to such local facilities. Certain assumptions on price and fuel quality were prnvided. The study demonstrates that, given the right price conditions, substantial coal supplies could be available to such a local cogeneration/lPP market. Surveyed producers indicated about 4.5 million tons per year might be available. These producers represent 82 percent of Virginia's coal production. The major factors arfecting their willingness to provide this coal include: (1) the desirability of long-term contracts; (2) the flexible coal quality specifications such plants would accept; and (3) the dedicated, local market that would help secure them from the uncertainty of distant markets and rail transport costs.
Collaboration as a Tool for Creating Sustainable Natural Resource Based Economies in Rural Areas
Godwin, Dawn V. (Virginia Tech, 1999-04-19)
The earth and its global economy are faced with many environmental considerations. Among those are limited resources such as food, energy, and water, as well as a myriad of complex issues including global warming and population growth. These environmental problems are not recent developments, and in attempting to remedy them in the past we have created solutions within the existing scientific and economic framework. However, in recent decades it has become apparent that these problems encompass more than simply science and economics, and an innovative model is supplanting traditional decision-making methods. This new model is collaborative environmental planning (CEM). Collaborative environmental planning differs from traditional problem solving methods in several critical ways. It goes beyond economics and science, incorporating values and norms. Collaborative planning views problems not as belonging to a single discipline, but rather in a holistic, multi-disciplinary manner. In addition, collaborative approaches focus on the process of problem solving, which means involving all stakeholders--in an effort to produce better solutions. The collaborative process ensures that all interested parties (stakeholders) have a voice in shaping solutions. This necessitates incorporating various competing interests from the beginning, thus framing problems in a different manner. Allowing stakeholders to participate and contribute their perspectives means that problems are defined differently than if one or two "experts" look at the same situation. It means that solutions are not necessarily defined by the "experts", or agencies, but within and from the community. Currently, we see this practice manifest in many community initiatives and it seems to be spreading. State and federal agencies are participating in collaborative partnerships as well, and the idea of collaborative planning is infusing into the mainstream of policy and planning. One area of particular interest with regards to collaborative environmental planning is rural resource-based economies. Many of these locales have many inherent features, such as strong ties to the land, that can create a successful platform from which to launch collaborative efforts. Many such communities suffer from resource depletion, loss of economic base, environmental degradation and a host of other resource issues, and face a rather unique situation. These communities depend on the environment in a way urban areas do not. For rural resource-based economies, the environment provides their livelihood and they must change the way that they interact with that environment. These areas must view environmental protection and economic development as one in the same, rather than as two irreconcilable goals. Collaborative environmental planning is using resources which exist within rural communities to create a new problem-solving framework in an effort to create self-sufficiency and positive change. This paper begins with an introduction to the history and theoretical components of collaborative environmental planning in Chapter Two, and then defines the concept by operationalizing several elements of the model in the subsequent chapter. Chapter Four examines rural communities, specifically the issues many currently face, and how collaborative environmental planning is assisting in the revitalization of faltering resource-based economies. Chapter Five provides an in-depth look at three rural collaborative environmental planning efforts, and the uncertainties and accomplishments of each. The final chapter provides lessons that can be applied to collaborative environmental planning and sustainable rural development.
Collaborative Environmental Decisionmaking: A Power Sharing Process that Achieves Results Through Dialogue
Bauer, Michael R. (Virginia Tech, 2001-04-06)
Environmental problems occur where ecosystems and human social systems converge. As a result, they are not easily resolved by science or technology because they stem from the diversity in human perceptions, expectations, and values. A decisionmaking process known as collaboration offers a method of joint problem solving that is based upon an application of social learning theory. Collaboration is inspired by the concept of participatory democracy and advanced by the exchanges inherent in a civic discourse. It can involve individuals and representatives of agencies, organizations, and other groups in open discussions where the process participants share information and power as they take joint responsibility in attempting to make decisions, reach solutions, or resolve issues. This study identifies basic elements of collaborative environmental decisionmaking through an analysis of several collaborative processes. It then examines how these collaborative processes work and whether collaboration is an effective environmental decisionmaking process. Two case studies are examined: the Chesapeake Bay Program Community Watershed Initiative Workgroup, and the Elizabeth River Project Watershed Action Team. The case studies illustrate that the presence or absence of the identified elements of collaborative environmental decisionmaking affect the results of the process. They also illustrate that the participants in these processes incur changes in the manner in which they regard the issues. Collaborative environmental decisionmaking works by establishing a dialogue among people with disparate positions, concerns, and interests in an attempt to find common ground. The process can link formal, theoretical knowledge with informal, practical wisdom through face-to-face dialogue among contending parties. It can result in social learning and build social capital.
Common Pool Resources Management: Are Common Property Rights a good alternative to external regimes?
Wong, Boris Fernando (Virginia Tech, 2004-12-09)
As a result of the profound influence of theories of collective action such as The Tragedy of the Commons, The Prisonerâ s Dilemma Game, and The Logic of Collective Action, policy analysts have recommended external management, either by government control or market participation, as the most efficient option to govern common pool resources. However, due to the repeated failure of the external intervention, a new alternative has been considered, the common property rights. Due to their long term interaction with the resources, local users have developed mechanisms, rules, and institutions that can be used to favor the sustainable management of the resources. Recognizing these benefits in places where the government has nationalized the resources, it has started a process of decentralization of property rights of natural resources to local users. The purpose of this paper is twofold, to analyze the potential benefits that a common property right regime has in the management of the environmental resources, and to evaluate which are the key factors for this arrangement to succeed. In this endeavor, the case of the Irrigation systems in Philippines is presented.
A Comparative Analysis of Wellhead Protection: Virginia and Massachusetts
Raftery, Kelley Lynne (Virginia Tech, 2002-05-25)
Proactive drinking water programs assist communities in the long-term protection of their water supply. The 1986 amendments to the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) seek to protect groundwater sources of public drinking water. 42 United States Code Section 300h-7 created the Wellhead Protection Program. The 1986 SDWA Amendments require all states to submit a Wellhead Protection Program for public groundwater drinking sources. The 1996 SDWA Amendments require all states to submit Source Water Assessment Plans for both groundwater and surface water sources. The 1986 and 1996 SDWA Amendments aim to protect public health by preventing contamination of drinking water sources. This paper compares and contrasts the effectiveness of groundwater Wellhead Protection Programs (WHPP) in Virginia and Massachusetts. These states take different management approaches to protect public groundwater drinking sources. Virginia encourages local governments to participate voluntarily in wellhead protection activities. Massachusetts requires all municipal and private suppliers that provide public drinking water to adopt a WHPP. The relative success achieved by Massachusetts and Virginia was evaluated with two measures: percentage of wellhead protection programs implemented and the percentage of state reported drinking water quality violations.
A comparison of energy self-reliance and industrial development using an input-output model
Flora, Paul Richard (Virginia Tech, 1984-01-15)
This theses compares the benefits of energy self reliance strategies with the benefits of industrial development strategies to determine which strategies create greater benefits as a method of economic development. A critical factor, which is examined, is the probability of success for industrial development strategies as opposed to the near certain benefits from the self-reliance strategies. The methodology employs a Virginia input-output model using a regional purchase coefficient technique to regionalize the model for the New River Valley Region of Virginia. The strategies are developed based on two distinct expenditure levels, acting as resource constraints on the strategy selection, in order to compare the return on additional expenditures.

Browsing by Author "Randolph, John"

Results Per Page

Sort Options