ETDs: Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (NDLTD)

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Welcome to the ETD collection of the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (NDLTD), an international organization dedicated to promoting the adoption, creation, use, dissemination, and preservation of electronic theses and dissertations (ETDs). We support electronic publishing and open access to scholarship in order to enhance the sharing of knowledge worldwide.

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Die Deutfche Handwerkerbewegung Bis Zum Sieg Der Gewerbefreiheit
Goldschmidt, Ernst Friederich (Universität München, 1914-10-03)
Since then, the modern technology and its achievements has served the nature of trade to begin with, the middle class asks, whose core forms the hand worker movement, as the center of interest for science and politics. A craftsman movement, which is since 1848 rolling along, is today still not ended and the movement still exists and is alive. The hand worker asks, who arose to 1848 to meet, the chronic suffers who became so for decades. The physician, who saw a chronic person, can usually indicate not alone by looking at on welfare. One must look at the developing story for Evil and his life story to know the patient, in order to point to a way to recovery.More over the craftsmen and the craftsmen movement spoken about daily, indicated, in order to find a symptom, which makes itself too faulty in the given instant to be disturbingly most valid, is written to cure and to leave. A detailed connection, an end representation of the craftsmen movement is, however, up to the hour still not finished.In the following still the attempt of such a representation is to be made, for the too the period of 1848/1869.Our sources are particularly purely beside from national commission collections and congresses, are from the Craftsman, who are the other persons, who wanted to take position in the problem of the Craftsman or had daily papers, magazines and books, which are dedicated partly to individual branches of industry, partly the entire Handwork industry of the individual country. In addition to the facts, which follow from flight writings and from one-sided combat literature, come one sided in the pursuit of religion and on politics.An important source in the history of the Handworker Movement must be the legislation. As soon as the craftsmen movement forms, they accepted the seriously public damage the government issuing a new law could bring, an order in such a way could pour Oil onto the waves. The relation between cause and effect between the particulars far the craftsman movement can never clearly completely be, when a factor this important is let out. But not only the finished industrial law, also its developing story and its motives must be regarded, in order that the movement of the German Handwork Movement be completely known.
Experimental production of tendon sheaths: An experimental study, using venous grafts in Cercopithecus aethiops (Blue vervet monkey)
Gaylis, Hyman (University of the Witwatersrand, 1953-06)
An attempt to reproduce tendon sheaths using autologous venous grafts has been undertaken in Cercopithecus aethiops (Blue Vervet Monkey). Ten venous grafts were tested. Five were placed around sutured tendons in paratenon, and the remainder around tendons in sheath formation. In no instance did synovial-like sheaths form. In the latter series, the experiment was controlled, and the results obtained expressed in terms of function. The functional results of the venous ensheathed tendons were worse than those of the controlled tendons.The controlled experiment was confined to the digital sheath, an area notoriously liable to adhesion formation, and the one which offered the most critical test of operative technique.A method for the evaluation of function, following the repair of divided tendons in the experimental animal has been presented. Voluntary movement of joints in the experimental animal was obviously impossible, but the method employed in this experiment, namely, the electrical stimulation of muscles, and the photographic recording of the range of joint movement, presented no disadvantages.The experimental animal used in this study was ideal, in that anatomical studies of the hand of this species, revealed features both structurally and functionally comparable to those in man.The anatomical and physiological aspects of tendon action, the mechanics of tendon gliding, and the healing processes in divided tendons have been studied.The fate of human autologous venous grafts has been investigated.A review of previous methods employed to prevent peritendinous adhesions has been presented.
A History of Swimwear Reflecting Some Sociological and Technological Changes
Rust, Terrie Ellen (Virginia Tech, 1977)
The purpose of this study was to research the effects of sociological and technological changes on the development of swimwear. Bathing and swimming suit styles have reflected attitudes toward male-female relationships, the status of women, and public nudity. Technological developments in fibers and fabrics improved the appearance, wear, and practicality of swimming suits. Reductions in working hours and the development of labor-saving devices created leisure time. Swimming became a popular leisure time activity. Beauty pageants utilized the bathing suit as a means of exploiting the female form. The entrance of women as active participants in swimming necessitated a practical costume. Swimwear designers have contributed to the relative "undress" of the bathing suit. Laws relating to bathing, bathing suits, and swimming were enacted. Reductions in the amount of fabric used in bathing dresses were the result of innovations in women's undergarments, functional requirements of the sport of swimming, sunbathing, and an increasing degree of informality in social behavior.
Ut prosim--the balance of liberal and useful education in the American land-grant university : a case study of Virginia Tech
DiCroce, Deborah M. (Virginia Tech, 1984-04-15)
see document
An Exploratory Study of the Relationship between Various Aspects of the Premarital Sexual Relationship and Marital Satisfaction, Sexual Satisfaction in Marriage, and Marital Fidelity
Baker, Tina M. (Hofstra University, 1985-12-16)
Research has found absence of premarital sexual experience positively correlated with marital adjustment (Davis , 1929; Terman, 1938; Reevy, 1959; Shope and Broderick, 1967). Others raised doubt of this conclusion (Locke, 1951; Burgess and Wallin, 1953; Kinsey et. al, 1953; Ard, 1974).Bell and Balter (1973) found 81% of married women under 26 had premarital intercourse. Since a majority engage in this, it is appropriate to consider premarital intercourse relationship variables to identify marital correlates.In Love, Strong Affection, and Little Affection premarital intercourse relationships were examined. Questions were explored concerning premarital independent variables: number of relationships, length of relationships, number of live-in partners, relationship exclusivity, sexual satisfaction, relationship satisfaction, and gender. Dependent variables were: relationship satisfaction, sexual satisfaction, and fidelity, in marriage.This questionnaire study consisted of the Marital Satisfaction Scale (Roach et. al, 1981) and other original items.Subjects were 286 volunteers from Long Island MacArthur airport, 209 of which reported premarital intercourse relationships and 77 who did not, all under age 41, in first marriages.Pearson correlation and t-test were used. The hypothesis was confirmed for only In Love premarital relationships with marital satisfaction and marital sexual satisfaction being positively related to premarital sexual satisfaction.Groups with and without premarital intercourse were not significantly different on marital satisfaction or marital sexual satisfaction. For subjects having premarital intercourse relationships higher marital satisfaction was related to higher number of live-in partners and higher relationship and sexual satisfaction for In Love type. Also for only this type, higher marital sexual satisfaction was related to higher premarital sexual satisfaction and relationship satisfaction.Having no or few premarital intercourse partners was associated with higher likelihood of fidelity. Other premarital factors associated with higher fidelity were longer In love relationships and higher number of In Love live-in relationships. Lower relationship satisfaction with premarital Strong Affection type also led to higher fidelity. Women were found to have higher likelihood of fidelity.Summarizing, In Love premarital intercourse relationships seem to relate positively to marriage. More independent variables were related to fidelity than the other dependent variables.
Proximity Effect Magnetization and Energy Loss in Multifilamentary Composites: Influence of Strand Design and Sample Geometry
Sumption, Mike (Ohio University, 1992-03-12)
Flux trapping and cycling energy losses were studied by vibrating sample magnetometry in fine multifilamentary Nb-Ti superconductive strands for which proximity effect coupling between the filaments is significant. Measurements were made to determine the influence of helical twist about the strand axis as well as sample length for strands experiencing varying levels of proximity effect coupling. The proximity effect strength was varied by investigating strands with a range of filament diameters, as well as by the addition of magnetic impurities to the interfilamentary medium (the matrix) to suppress the proximity effect. Critical currents and fields for the matrix were extracted from the measurements. The reduction of cycling loss1 and magnetization2 previously found was confirmed. Additionally, these measurements were extended to strands where little twist was applied, and the magnetization and cyclic loss were found to saturate. Bean-like models for anisotropic media introduced by Carr1 and later Harada2 were further developed to calculate magnetization and penetration fields in these strands over a large range of twist pitch values. A calculation of magnetic hysteresis loops was also made for short strand samples. These models provide a good qualitative understanding of the observed behavior and lead to useful predictions for applications.
An Examination of the Theory of the Commodity and its Application to Critical Media Studies
Young, Jeffrey R. (Florida Atlantic University, 1996-04)
The theory of the commodity is used by critical theorists to explain the general organization and development of capitalist society. It was originally proposed by Marx, and subsequently developed by Lukcs and later Adorno and the Frankfurt School. Media scholars such as Dallas Smythe, Judith Williamson, Robert Goldman and Eileen Meehan have identified the commodity structure in several forms throughout the process of mass communication. Although commodity theory is not always articulated as a part of critical studies, it is useful for understanding the process of mass communication under capitalism. By investigating the dynamics of market processes and cultural innovation, this paper shows where the theory of the commodity fits into Critical Media Studies and suggests where some productive applications may be found.
Nominal Determination: Focus on a Few Operations in Cameroon Pidgin English
Leoue, Jean Gilbert (Université de la Sorbonne Nouvelle - Paris III, 1996-06)
Based on a contrastive and variationist approach, this research work sheds light on the study of the structure of the Noun Phrase in Cameroon Pidgin English in contrast with Standard British English. Among other relevant topics, the following aspects of the NP are considered: the system of pronouns, nominal anaphora, the system of articles, the deictic implementation, quantification, intensification and reduplication.
Distributed Calculation Object Models
Imran, Syed (Technische Universität Braunschweig, 1996-08-15)
A Calculation Object Model (COM) based on the calculation objects. It can be created using different programming languages and in our case we have used Java on the Eclipse Java platform. These calculation objects resides at server side, which when initiated get the values from the clients and perform the required functions of calculation. The values (data) these COMs gets are stored basically in xml based database of the different Calculation Objects (COs) which act as a client when passing the values forward and as server when getting the values from other objects. In the case of databases, traditional database is always been in practice i.e. RDBMS but due to having a drawbacks xml database has been preferred.COM is semantic description to calculate the costs of things in complex scenarios, where we have many Calculation Objects. When we talk about databases, presently we use a relational database, where everything looks like a table with rows and columns but in reality, however is more complicated than the data to be in table format only. Data that needs to be stored does not always exist in tabular format and required to be benefit from tools that are more closely fits its natural structure. Generally the traditional databases and in particularly SQL databases have been so incredibly successful, that they have completely eliminated the competition. Infect, the relational databases fit a lot of problems very well but they don’t really fit for eXtensible Markup Language (XML) document’s data. Nowadays a great deal of data is being encoded in XML documents and more is being created every day, thus felt the need for something better.
Speaking The Unspoken: Silence, Language, and Form in Contemporary Poetry
Paretti, Marie C. (University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1997)
This dissertation explores the way for late 20th century poets use form in their work as means to map, encounter, witness to, and struggle with various kinds of silences. It explores the work of Louise Glȕck, M. Nourbese Philip, Jorie Graham, and Michael Palmer.
Genetic Programming in Mathematica
Suleman, Hussein (University of Durban-Westville, 1997-01)
GP has traditionally been implemented in LISP but there is a slow migration towards faster languages like C++. Any implementation language is dictated not only by the speed of the platform but also by the desirability of such an implementation. With a large number of scientists migrating to scientifically-biased programming languages like Mathematica, such provides an ideal testbed for GP.In this study it was attempted to implement GP on a Mathematica platform, exploiting the advantages of Mathematica's unique capabilities. Wherever possible, optimizations have been applied to drive the GP algorithm towards realistic goals. At an early stage it was noted that the standard GP algorithm could be significantly speeded up by parallelisation and the distribution of processing. This was incorporated into the algorithm, using known techniques and Mathematica-specific knowledge.
The Cathedral of Ice: Terministic Screens, Tyrannizing Images, Visual Rhetoric, and Nazi Propaganda Strategies
Barton, Matthew (Louisiana Scholars' College, 1999-04)
Many aspects of the Nazis’ methods of persuasion, especially the rhetoric and psychology of printed propaganda and the speeches of Adolf Hitler and Joseph Goebbels have been the subjects of intensive study. Oddly, the subject of technology applied as an instrument or supplement to propaganda, or the rhetorical contributions of technological devices, has very little representation in Nazi studies, despite the significance it played in their rise to power. This thesis attempts to fill that gap. Specifically, I will be treating lights and lighting, sound and music, the Nuremberg Party Rallies, radio, and cinema from a rhetorical perspective. The rhetorical framework I have constructed to analyze these elements relies on a synthesis of Richard Weaver’s Tyrannizing Image and Kenneth Burke’s Terministic Screen concepts. Burke provides an important connection to visual rhetoric while Weaver provides links to culture, myth, and history.The ultimate goal of this thesis is to show how the rhetorical theories of Kenneth Burke and Richard Weaver can be used to explain the Nazis’ persuasion tactics. Aristotle demanded that rhetors “know all available means of persuasion,” and obviously, technological devices have rhetorical value. To prove this, I have relied as much as possible on primary sources, especially the autobiographies of former Nazis and Hitler’s Mein Kampf, but the Hitler biographers (Joachim Fest, Robert Waite, and John Toland) have also proved their usefulness. While this thesis is not an exhaustive treatment of the subject, it at least sows the field with seeds of thought. I do not address either the printed propaganda of Nazism or the speeches of Hitler or Goebbels. I examine instead the rhetorical devices and methods used by the Nazis to reinforce these types of persuasion.
Abundance And Diversity Of Fish In Relation To Littoral And Shoreline Features
Lange, Marc (University of Guelph, 1999-09)
The effects of small-scale shoreline residential development on littoral fish abundance and species richness was examined at three different scales of observation (within 122, 244, and 488 meters) in Lake Simcoe (Ontario, Canada). A mixed model regression was used to test for effects of development after accounting for seasonal and spatial variation in environmental variables known to affect distribution and abundance of fish. Fish were aggregated near single development structures, such as permanent docks, and repelled from other single structures, such as bank stabilisation. Shoreline developed with multiple features, such as docks combined with break walls, tended to be positively correlated with fish abundance but negatively correlated with species richness. Features such as docks and break walls combined with boathouses were generally associated with a decrease in both abundance and richness. Cluster analysis detected no consistent pattern of association between specific fish assemblages and residential development across the three scales of observation. Increased density and diversity of shoreline residential development tended to be associated with reduced fish abundance and species richness. The specific development features associated with these patterns change with the scale of observation, indicating that fish responded to proximally and distantly located habitat alterations.
Mejoramiento de la Calidad Nutricional y Panadera del Trigo por Ingeniera Genetica
Alvarez, Maria Lucrecia (National University of Rosario, 2000)
Wheat-derived products provide the basic nutrition for more than a billion of people in the world (about 40% of humankind). Humans consume more proteins from wheat than from any other source. However, the nutritional quality of wheat proteins is limited by the low content of lysine, one of the essential amino acids that we should incorporate through the diet. As part of this thesis work, we obtained transgenic wheat lines expressing the CI-2 gene from barley under the control of a promoter that is specific for endosperm. This gene has a high content of lysine, an essential amino acid in which wheat proteins are naturally deficient. These transgenic wheat lines have an improved nutritional quality because of the higher content of lysine of their proteins. Bread-making quality of wheat is determined by the number and type of high molecular weight (HMW) subunits of glutenins. The higher the number of HMW subunits of glutenins of a particular wheat variety, the better its bread-making quality. The HMW subunits of glutenins are very polymorphic (there are many different alleles or alternative forms of genes) and some types of subunits are associated with good bread-making quality while others confer a poor quality. The two HMW subunits of glutenins associated with the best bread-making quality in wheat are 1Dx5 and 1Ax1. HMW subunits of glutenins confer elasticity to the dough because of their particular spring shape.Dough with high elasticity are ideal to make bread. Using genetic engineering, we transformed (genetically modified) a commercially available variety of wheat to increase the number of HMW subunits of glutenins from 5 to 6 by introducing an extra HMW subunit known as 1Ax1, which caused an increase of 21% in the content of glutenin compared to the controls. In addition, we over-expressed 1Ax1 in a variety of wheat that already had this subunit by introducing extra gene copies of 1Ax1, which increased the content of 1Ax1 by 44% in this transgenic wheat variety compared to non-transgenic wheat control. Likewise, we over-expressed the HMW subunit of glutenin 1Dx5 causing an increase of 140% in the level of this subunit and a 20% increase in the total content of glutenin. Interestingly, the over-expression of the HMW subunits of glutenins 1Ax1 or 1Dx5 in some of the transgenic wheat lines induced the inactivation of few or all of the endogenous genes that codify for HMW subunits. This phenomenon is part of a mechanism that plants use to inactivate alien genes as a protection against viruses. As expected, these silenced transgenic wheat lines had very low levels of HMW subunit of glutenin and a very poor bread-making quality. However, these lines showed exceptional good quality for making other products such as cookies, crackers, and pizza.
Organic matter dynamics in mixed-farming systems of the West African savanna: a village case study from south Senegal
Manlay, Raphael (Institute of Forestry, Agricultural and Environmental Engineering (ENGREF), 2000-05)
Organic matter (OM) is a multi-purpose tool in West African smallholder mixed-farming systems, but its supply has been decreasing for several decades. To assess the viability of a mixed-farming system of south Senegal, carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P; available in soil and noted POD) budgets (stocks and flows) were thus quantified.The village territory of the study showed a ring-like organisation with growing intensification of fertilization and cropping practices from the periphery (bush ring) to the compounds (compound fields).Stocks in plant and soil averaged 54.7 tC, 2.63 tN and 43.5 kgP ha 1 in old fallows. They were 97, 29 and 251 % higher than in the bush cropped fields, plant biomass accounting for nearly all of the rise. C, N and P amounts recorded in the soil of compound fields were higher than those of the bush field, but the increase was restricted mainly to the 0 10 cm layer. However, the rather weak response of local sandy soils to management can be interpreted only by reassessing the bio-thermodynamical signification of soil organic carbon cycling in the maintenance of the integrity of local agroecosystems.Manageable stocks of the whole village territory were estimated to 29.7 tC, 1.52 tN and 28.6 kgP ha 1 in 1997. Carbon was stored mainly in soil. Livestock, crop harvest and wood collecting were responsible for respectively 59, 27 and 14 % of the C uptake on the village territory. As a result, large C flows were set towards the compound ring (3.8 tC ha 1 y 1). N and P depletion of the system amounted to 4 kgN and 1 kgP ha 1 y 1, suggesting that the system was close to nutrient balance.Under current demographic growth rate, C depletion may reach 0.38 tC ha 1 y 1 and C demand may double during the next three decades. Without any intensification of farming practices, the viability of the system might soon be called into question.
A General Work for the Flow Analysis of Concurrent Programs
Lam, Patrick (McGill University, 2000-08)
Standard techniques for analysing sequential programs are severely constrained when applied to a concurrent program because they cannot take full advantage of the concurrent structure of the program. In this work, we overcome this limitation using a novel approach which ``lifts'' a sequential dataflow analysis to a concurrent analysis. First, we introduce concurrency primitives which abstract away from the details of how concurrency features are implemented in real programming languages. Using these primitives, we describe how sequential analyses can be made applicable to concurrent programs. Under some circumstances, there is no penalty for concurrency: our method produces results which are as precise as the sequential analysis. Our lifting is straightforward, and we illustrate it on some standard analyses -- available expressions, live variables and generalized constant propagation. Finally, we describe how concurrency features of real languages can be expressed using our abstract concurrency primitives, and present analyses for finding our concurrency primitives in real programs.
Actividad Politica de la Izquierda en la Comarca del Vallès Occidental Libertaria Durante la Guerra Civil
Vargas Puga, Matias (2001)
Tesis Doctoral QUE CON DETALLE LA Analiza Influencia DE LOS ES CADA MUNICIPIO Anarquistas, PODER POLÍTICO DURANTE SU CONTRA LA GUERRA CIVIL LAS Fuerzas franquistas (1936-1939, Alianzas SUS, Teórica EVOLUCION ORGANIZATIVA Y, ASPECTOS IMPORTANTES DE SU GESTIÓN PÚBLICA COTIDIANA, ETC.
Análisis Financiero de las Tasas de Interés en la Zona Monetaria Europea y del impacto de la Introducción del Euro en las mismas
Bravo, Ramon (Universidad de las Américas-Puebla, 2001)
Hace tan solo unos años se introdujo el euro como moneda de pleno derecho en once países de la Unión Europea. Sin embargo, a lo largo del tiempo, este proyecto se ha enfrentado a diversos obstáculos, y uno de los más relevantes es el no conocer precisamente el efecto que la Unión Monetaria podría tener en las economías de la región. Las tasas de interés son variables fundamentales en el desempeño coyuntural de cualquier nación, por lo que su manejo por parte del Banco Central implica consecuencias importantes. A partir del mes de Enero de 1999, la difícil tarea de fijar los tipos de interés comunes para todos los países miembros de la Zona Monetaria Europea, independientemente sus características particulares, está a cargo del Banco Central Europeo. En esta investigación se busca determinar las variables más importantes que afectan el comportamiento de las tasas de interés, y al mismo tiempo saber que efecto ha ocasionado la introducción del euro en las mismas, por lo que el trabajo se ha dividido en dos partes. En la primera parte se estudian diversas ecuaciones, creadas con base en ciertas teorías relacionadas con el tema (Akthar 1987, Fischer 1990, Cohen y Wennigen 1994, Lee y Prasad 1994, Patterson 1999, Haley 2000.) por lo que se obtienen las variables más significativas en cada una de ellas. En la segunda parte se analizan las variables de la primera parte, y se definen cuales fueron afectadas por la introducción del euro. Para ambas secciones se utiliza una Base de Datos del Boletín Mensual del Mes de Enero del 2001 del Banco Central Europeo. El período estudiado comprende desde el mes de Enero de 1997 hasta Octubre del 2000. Para efectuar el análisis se emplean los modelos de regresión lineal y split regression, de forma que es posible determinar la relación entre las variables, su nivel de significación en los modelos empleados, y el efecto sufrido por la introducción del euro. El resultado del análisis muestra que la introducción de la moneda única tuvo un fuerte impacto en la mayoría de las variables analizadas y por consecuencia en las tasas de interés de la zona euro. La introducción de la divisa comunitaria implicó la disminución de los tipos de interés promedio en la región, sin embargo fue posible observar un incremento en los mismos durante los últimos meses analizados. Este comportamiento ha sido la respuesta del Banco Central Europeo para mantener la estabilidad de precios ante los fenómenos presentados en el segundo semestre del año 2000, como han sido la debilidad del euro con relación al dólar americano, los elevados precios del petróleo, falta de interés y confianza en la moneda común por parte de Dinamarca, Suecia y el Reino Unido, el prolongado e ininterrumpido crecimiento sostenido de la economía estadounidense hasta antes de Enero del 2001, crisis agropecuarias y la caída de los índices bursátiles.
Impresos novohispanos del siglo XVI en la ciudad de México
Ruiz Esparza Pérez, Irma (2001)
La presente tesis está divida en tres partes y un catálogo final que es producto de la investigación. En el primer capítulo se presenta un análisis del papel que tienen los impresos novohispanos del siglo XVI como parte del patrimonio cultural en México, destacándose la importancia de su conservación y protección en este país. En el segundo capítulo se presentan los elementos teóricos que dan cuenta de la investigación, relacionados principalmente con la bibliografía y con algunos aspectos técnicos de la imprenta manual, para finalmente abordar, en el tercer capítulo, la introducción de la imprenta en la Nueva España, los impresores del siglo XVI y las bibliografías mexicanas que cubren este periodo, encabezadas por la obra de Joaquín García Icazbalceta y adiciones que son la base del catálogo resultante.
Absolute coverage measurements of ultrathin alkali-metal films on reconstructed silicon
Banerjee, Rajarshi (2001)
Metal/semiconductor interfaces, particularly those involving Si, are of great technological and scientific interest. In atomically abrupt interfaces, many properties are determined by interatomic interactions over a few layers, i.e., over ~1 nanometer. The initial stages of growth of an atomic layer related to structural and electronic properties are thus important to thin film behavior. Surface science studies on metal-semiconductor systems often lead to contradictory conclusions regarding bonding sites and even whether the first layer is metallic or not. A key piece of information that must be consistent with any study is the number of atoms per unit area in the first layer, which is difficult to assess directly. Alkali-metal-semiconductor systems have been studied as model abrupt interfaces for several years. Novel effects, such as electron localization, were observed. Still, determinations of absolute coverage have been lacking. This dissertation describes results of absolute coverage measurements for Cs on Si(100)(2X1), Si(111)(7X7), and Si (111)(v3 X v3)R30°-B reconstructed surfaces using Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry in ultrahigh vacuum. The results bracket possible structural models for these systems. For the Cs/Si(111)(v3 X v3)R30°-B interface, this work confirms conclusions regarding electron localization effects and introduces considerations of ion-beam-induced desorption for the weakly-bound Cs

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