School of Public and International Affairs (SPIA)
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Browsing School of Public and International Affairs (SPIA) by Content Type "Book chapter"
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- Achieving Racial and Economic Diversity with Race-Blind Admissions PolicyCarnevale, Anthony P.; Strohl, Jeff; Rose, Stephen J. (Georgetown University Center on Education and the Workforce, 2014)The authors take a groundbreaking look at how socioeconomic affirmative action programs, percentage plans, or a combination of the two, could work at the nation’s most selective 193 institutions. This book chapter appears in The Future of Affirmative Action: New Paths to Higher Education Diversity after Fisher v. University of Texas authored by Richard D. Kahlenberg.
- Americas' Future WorkforceCarnevale, Anthony P.; Smith, Nicole (Georgetown University Center on Education and the Workforce, 2013-08-16)In this book chapter, the authors examine the increased demand for postsecondary education and training arising from changes in the fast-growing communities of color. This book chapter appears in All-In Nation: An America that Works for All, a collaboration between the Center for American Progress and Policylink, edited by Vanessa Cárdenas and Sarah Treuhaft. August 16, 2013.
- The Economic and Fiscal Consequences of ImmigrationBlau, Francine D.; Mackie, Christopher (National Academy of Sciences, 2017)This chapter examines the state and local government fiscal effects of immigration for each of the 50 states and the District of Columbia for the three-year period 2011-2013. The authors focus on the individual as the unit of analysis—more specifically, the independent individual. The panel’s analysis here attributes the fiscal costs of (and taxes received from) dependents to their parents. This independent-person concept best acknowledges that the fiscal costs or benefits of children are due to the decisions of their parents, independent of the children’s own immigrant status.
- Das Geld im Raum: August Löschs Geldtheorie und ihre Bedeutung für regionalökonomische VerteilungsfragenBieri, David S. (Duncker and Humblot, 2019-02)Der zeitgenössische Kanon der Raumwirtschaftslehre stützt sich---besonders unter dem Einfluss der angelsächsischen Literatur---auf die klassischen Dichotomie und beinhaltet daher nur wenige theoretische Ansatzpunkte die räumlichen Auswirkungen von Geld- und Kreditphänomenen grundlegend zu erfassen. Eine solche Ausklammerung geldtheoretischer Aspekte aus dem Wirkungsfeld der raumwirtschaftlichen Analyse stellt einen deutlichen, in die Nachkriegsjahre zu datierenden Schnitt in der dogmentgeschichtlichen Richtungsentwicklung der Regionalökonmie dar. Tatsächlich beschäftigte sich bereits HEINRICH VON THÜNEN vor bald zweihundert Jahren explizit mit den Wechselwirkungen von Raum und Geld. Eine Neubewertung von AUGUST LÖSCHS geldtheoretischen Arbeiten---unter besonderer Betrachtung seines Hauptwerkes Die räumliche Ordnung der Wirtschaft (1940, 1944) sowie seines posthum erschienenen Fragments «Die Theorie der Währung» (1949)---zeigt auf, dass LÖSCH, der in mancher Hinsicht als einer der wichtigsten Begründer der modernen Raumwirtschafslehre gilt, geld- und kredittheoretische Elemente als integrale Aspekte des Verständnises von räumlichen Ungleichgewichtsbildungen und regionalökonomischen Verteilungsfragen im Sinne des Transferproblems betrachtete. Diese Aspekte des LÖSCH’SCHEN Systems sind jedoch heute fast komplett in Vergessenheit geraten. So stellen Fragen zur räumlichen Neutralität des Geldes, sowie dessen endogene Schaffung, zentrale Elemente der Theoriebildung bei LÖSCH dar, deren intellektuelle Abstammungslinie direkt zu SCHUMPETERS Geld- und Kredittheorie führt. In diesem Zusammenhang argumentiert der vorliegende Beitrag weiter, dass sich in LÖSCHS geldtheoretischen Betrachtungen auch primäre Aspekte einer in den letzten Jahren der Weimarer Republik sich langsam etablierenden Kreditansicht niederschlugen. So bildet das Geld bei LÖSCH auch einen zentralen Pfeiler seines Anspruchs eine «Konjunkturtheorie im Raum» zu entwickeln, deren hauptsächliches Augenmerk nicht beim Standort per se liegen, sondern bei den Auswirkungen der wechselseitigen Verknüpfungen zwischen Handel und internationalen Konjunkturbewegungen auf die endogen bestimmten Wirtschaftsgebiete. In diesen Aspekten stützt sich LÖSCH vorallem auf HABERLERS konjunkturtheorie Synthese der späten 1930er Jahre, aber auch, besonders bezüglich der Rolle von Kapitalflüssen und Änderungen in Preiseniveaus als Auslöser von Zyklen, auf NEISSERS Werk. Allein aus diesen Gründen ist die mangelnde Anerkennung von LÖSCHS Beiträgen zur raumbetonten Geldtheorie, geschweige denn sein (wenn auch teils nur in rudimentären Ansätzen vorhandener) Versuch, real- und geldwirtschaftliche Elemente in einer Synthese der Raumwirtschaftslehre mit der Kredittheorie zu verknüpfen---ganz gemäss «Ohlin's Traum»---, eine dogmengeschichtliche Anomalie, wenn nicht gar ein Rätsel.
- Higher Education for Development An Evaluation of the World Bank Group’s SupportWorld Bank Team (World Bank Group, 2017)Higher Education fulfills multiple roles that go beyond educating students. Specialists often identify three distinct but interrelated missions: (i) teaching and learning; (ii) research; and (iii) community engagement. In this context, this chapter describes how governments need to explore (i) the growing demand for higher education; (ii) the role of access, including equity; (iii) the quality and relevance of teaching and its implications for employability; (iv) the role of research and development in higher education; and (v) the role of systems reform within higher education.
- Hizbullah in IranBoroujerdi, Mehrzad (Oxford University Press, 1995)
- How Increasing College Access Is Increasing Inequality, and What to Do About ItCarnevale, Anthony P.; Strohl, Jeff (Georgetown University Center on Education and the Workforce, 2010-06-03)The authors share their research on a coherent and concrete way for colleges and universities to provide a leg up to economically disadvantaged students in the selective college admissions. This research was referenced in the affirmative action Supreme Court Case Fisher vs. University of Texas in two amicus briefs: Fisher I: Brief of the American Association for Affirmative Action as Amicus Curiae in Support of Respondent and Fisher II: Brief of Richard D. Kahlenberg as Amicus Curiae in Support of Neither Party. This book chapter appears in Rewarding Strivers edited by Richard D. Kahlenberg.
- Learn and Earn: Connecting Education to Careers in the 21st CenturyCarnevale, Anthony P.; Hanson, Andrew R. (Georgetown University Center on Education and the Workforce, 2015-12-01)In this book chapter the authors take a look at the link connecting degree attainment with careers and skills needed in the 21st century.
- A Multi-resolution Design Methodology Based on Discrete ModelsLadron de Guevara, Manuel; Borunda, Luis R.; Krishnamurti, Ramesh (Springer Singapore, 2019-01-01)The use of programming languages in design opens up unexplored and previously unworkable territories, mainly, in conventional architectural practice. In the 1990s, languages of continuity, smoothness and seamlessness dominated the architectural inquiry with the CNC milling machine as its manufacturing tool. Today’s computational design and fabrication technology look at languages of synthesis of fragments or particles, with the 3D printer as its fabrication archetype. Fundamental to this idea is the concept of resolution–the amount of information stored at any localized region. Construction of a shape is then based on multiple regions of resolution. This paper explores a novel design methodology that takes this concept of resolutions on discrete elements as a design driver for architectural practice. This research has been tested primarily through additive manufacturing techniques.
- Peri-Urban Development in Sofia and Havana: Prospects and Perils in the New MillenniumHirt, Sonia; Scarpaci, Joseph L. Jr. (Association for the Study of the Cuban Economy, 2007)This paper compares the patterns of socio-spatial peri-urban change in two post-socialist state capitals: Havana, Cuba (2.1 million) and Sofia, Bulgaria (1.3 million). The comparison between patterns of post-socialist peri-urban change in Havana and Sofia is instructive because it illustrates precisely how spatial patterns reflect social changes. We first out line the global diversity in peri-urban development patterns, and contrast those in socialist and capitalist cities as described by the literature. Then, we discuss the typical pattern of post-socialist peri-urban development, also according to the literature. Third, we summarize empirical findings for the development of Sofia’s periphery since 1990. Fourth, we present the current state of Havana’s outskirts. In conclusion, we reflect upon the likelihood of Havana following Sofia’s post-socialist peri-urban model, if Cuba is to eventually enter the capitalist realm.
- Planning during Post-socialismHirt, Sonia (Elsevier, 2015-05)This article analyzes the state of public-sector planning in countries that subscribed to a Marxist, state-socialist ideology during some part of the twentieth century, and especially those countries that comprise the former Eastern Bloc (today often referred to as the “transitional countries”). Central economic planning was a defining feature of state socialism. With its collapse, this type of planning was abandoned. During the early years of post-socialism, all types of public-sector planning, including urban spatial planning, were severely weakened as well. A tentative revival of urban planning can be only recently observed.
- Rebel Oil Companies and Wartime Economic Governance in MENAAhram, Ariel I. (European University Institute, 2020)Oil smuggling has become a major feature of the war economies across the MENA region but the contest is not just for physical possession of oil through seizure and looting. Equally important is the political, legal and symbolic battle for ownership and authority to manage and dispose. Even as national economies splinter and collapse, the formal institutions of economic governance have unique capabilities and prerogatives and accordingly become focal points of contestation between rebel actors and governments. Rebels in Yemen, Iraq and Libya have launched alternative financial institutions, including national oil companies, central banks and other financial institutions, tied to petroleum sales. Such entities, unlike secretive smugglers, court publicity and tout their legitimacy and legality. This paper argues that these rebel oil companies and the attendant financial institutions are not merely facilitators of fraud but components of rebel governance and diplomatic strategies to enhance the durability of rebel rule. Rebel national oil companies (NOC)s and related institutions serve as points in conflict financing, facilitating the conversion and integration of illicit revenue into streams of normal or licit financial operations. They ease rebels’ linkage into global markets for oil and other natural resources.
- Rethinking the Legacy of Intellectual-Statesmen in IranBoroujerdi, Mehrzad (Lexington Books, 2020)
- Socioeconomic Status, Race/Ethnicity, and Selective College AdmissionsCarnevale, Anthony P.; Rose, Stephen J. (Georgetown University Center on Education and the Workforce, 2004)This book chapter concludes that race-sensitive affirmative action policies should be retained and expanded to include low-income students. This research was referenced in the affirmative action Supreme Court Case Fisher vs. University of Texas in two amicus briefs: Fisher I: Brief of the American Association for Affirmative Action as Amicus Curiae in Support of Respondent and Fisher II: Brief of Richard D. Kahlenberg as Amicus Curiae in Support of Neither Party. This book chapter appears in The Century Foundation’s America’s Untapped Resource: Low-Income Students in Higher Education, edited by Richard D. Kahlenberg.
- Triumphs and travails of authoritarian modernisation in IranBoroujerdi, Mehrzad (Routledge, 2012-01-01)
- Two Key Actions to Align Postsecondary Education with the Labor MarketCarnevale, Anthony P. (Georgetown University Center on Education and the Workforce, 2012-04-12)This book chapter details two ideas that would connect college programs with career pathways: aligning curriculum to promote the development of skills with labor market value and connecting transcript data from colleges with wage records to determine the economic value of college programs. This book chapter, commissioned by the IBM Center for the Business of Government, appears in Governing to Win: Enhancing National Competitiveness Through New Policy and Operating Approaches edited by Charles L. Prow.
- Women, Jobs and Opportunity in the 21st CenturyCarnevale, Anthony P.; Smith, Nicole (Georgetown University Center on Education and the Workforce, 2014-03-10)This book chapter examines women’s education attainment, economic security, and the existing barriers to women’s educational and economic success. This book chapter appears in A Paper Series Celebrating the 50th Anniversary of American Women: Report of the President’s Commission on the Status of Women. March 10, 2014