School of Animal Sciences
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The School of Animal Sciences merged Dairy Science and Animal and Poultry Science in 2022.
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- Additional Molecular Evidence that The Royal Palm is Probably a Turkey BreedSmith, Edward J.; Xu, Jun; Adikari, J. (2019-07-09)In earlier investigations, we reported the uniqueness of Royal Palm from other commonly raise heritage turkeys. Here, we provide evidence from screening using primers specific for the Melanocortin 1 (MC1R) Receptor gene (located on turkey chromosome 13, accession number NC_015023). Five heritage strains, including Broad Breasted Bronze (48), Blue Slate (40), Midget White (40), Royal Palm (45), and Spanish Black (48) were included in the analyses of approximately 3300 base pairs of the MC1R gene. Seven SNPs were identified and validated. Among the haplotypes identified, only Royal Palm had unique haplotypes. When combined with previous investigations, we believe that the Royal Palm may be a breed and not a strain. It may therefore be the most viable resource for introgression with a goal of genetic improvement.
- Electrochemical Urea Biosensor Based on Sol-gel Derived Nanostructured Cerium OxideAnsari, Anees A.; Ali, Md. Azahar; Malhotra, B. D. (World Scientific, 2012-04-18)Urease (Urs) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH) have been co-immobilized onto a nanostructured–cerium oxide (Nano-CeO2) film deposited onto a indium-tin-oxide (ITO) coated glass substrate by dip-coating via sol-gel process for urea detection. This nanostructured film has characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and electrochemical techniques, respectively. The particle size of the Nano-CeO2 film has been found to be 23 nm. Electrochemcial response (CV) studies show that Ur-GLDH/Nano-CeO2/ITO bioelectrode is found to be sensitive in the 10–80 mg/dL urea concentration range and can detect urea concentration upto 0.1 mg/dL level. The value of Michaelis–Menten constant (Km) estimated using Lineweaver–Burke plot found as 6.09 mg/dL indicates enhancement in the affinity and/or activity of enzyme attached to their nanobiocomposite. This bioelectrode retained 95% of enzyme activity after 6 months at 4°C.
- Evaluation of the tryptophan requirement of small-framed first cycle laying hensWen, Jinlei; Helmbrecht, Ariane; Elliot, Michael; Thomson, John E.; Persia, Michael E. (2017)Tryptophan is an essential amino acid, required for protein synthesis, and several metabolic processes in laying hens. Although required, the literature is mixed if tryptophan is considered the third or fourth limiting amino acid for laying hens and research on the tryptophan requirement in laying hens has been limited. The purpose of this experiment was to evaluate the tryptophan requirement of first cycle laying hens from 41 to 60 weeks of age. In total, 270 Hy-line W36 laying hens were randomly allocated to 6 treatments with 15 replicates of 3 birds for each experimental unit. Hens were maintained 3 to a cage (72 sq in/bird) in a multi-teared A-frame cage system within an environmentally controlled building. Hens were provided a 16:8 light schedule and 70 to 80 °F temperature program. A tryptophan deficient basal diet was formulated with corn, corn gluten meal and soybean meal with determined tryptophan, lysine and crude protein concentration of 0.096, 0.873, and 15.0%, respectively. Synthesized l-tryptophan was supplemented to the basal diet in 0.020% increments to generate experimental diets containing 0.096, 0.116, 0.136, 0.156, 0.176, and 0.196% tryptophan respectively. Hens were provided a controlled amount of feed daily resulting in approximately 95g/hen/d. The diet containing the lowest concentration of tryptophan resulted in reduced egg production and was halted at 45 weeks due to low performance with all other dietary treatments reaching the conclusion of the experiment at 60 weeks of age. Hen-housed egg production (HHEP) and mortality were monitored daily. Eggs were collected on two continuous days each week for feed conversion ratio (FCR) calculations and egg quality analysis. Single-slope broken line, multi-slope broken line and quadratic regression were used to estimate tryptophan requirement based on HHEP of the remaining five dietary treatments. Based on HHEP, optimum tryptophan requirement was 154.0, 142.8 and 193.7 mg/hen/d (single-slope broken line regression: Y=80.86+0.4871(X-154.02), R2=0.85; multi-slope regression: Y=3.127+0.5135X-0.3997(X-142.8), R2=0.85; quadratic regression: Y=-0.003046X2 +1.1802X-32.33, R2=0.85).
- Evaluation of the valine requirement of small-framed first cycle laying hensWen, Jinlei; Helmbrecht, Ariane; Elliot, Michael; Thomson, John E.; Persia, Michael E. (2017)Genetic selection has resulted in laying hens that are producing more eggs while consuming reduced amounts of feed over a laying cycle. As so, it is important to reevaluate the amino acid requirements of these new high performing hens. Valine is an essential amino acid required for protein synthesis, however, research on valine requirement has limited in laying hens. The purpose of this experiment was to evaluate the valine requirement in first cycle laying hens from 41 to 60 weeks of age. In total, 270 Hy-line W36 laying hens were randomly allocated to 6 treatments with 15 replicates of 3 birds for each replicate. Hens were maintained 3 to a cage (72 sq in/bird) in a multi-teared A-frame cage system within an environmentally controlled building. Hens were provided a 16:8 lighting schedule and 70 to 80 °F temperature program. A valine deficient basal diet was formulated with corn and peanut meal with determined valine, lysine and crude protein concentration of 0.515, 0.875, 13.4%, respectively. Synthesized l-valine was supplemented to the basal diet in 0.070% increments, resulting in experimental diets containing 0.515%, 0.585%, 0.655%, 0.725%, 0.795% and 0.865% valine, respectively. Hens were provided a controlled amount of feed daily resulting in approximately 95g/hen/d. Hen-housed egg production (HHEP) and mortality were monitored daily. Eggs were collected on two continuous days each week for Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) calculations and egg quality analysis. Single-slope broken line, multi-slope broken line and quadratic regression were used to estimate valine requirement based on HHEP, egg weight (EW), egg mass (EM), and feed conversion rate (FCR). Based on HHEP, optimum valine requirement was 591.9, 492.0 and 740.8 mg/hen/d (single-slope broken line regression: Y=80.23 + 0.12219(X-591.9), R2=0.83; multi-slope broken line regression: Y=-0.607+0.1593X-0.1264(X-492.02), R2=0.86; quadratic regression: Y=-0.00019944X2+ 0.295507X-28.3124, R2=0.85).
- Fabrication of nanocrystalline CdS electrode via chemical bath deposition technique for application to cholesterol sensorDhyani, Hemant; Srivastava, Saurabh; Ali, Md. Azahar; Malhotra, B. D.; Sen, Prasenjit (IOP, 2012-04-18)A nanocystalline CdS electrode has been fabricated by chemical bath deposition (CBD) technique onto hydrolyzed indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glass substrate at 78°C for the immobilization of cholesterol oxidase (ChOx). The prepared Nano-CdS based electrode has been characterized using UV-visible, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform-infrared (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The ChOx/Nano-CdS/ITO bioelectrode shows the detection range of cholesterol from 50 to 400 mg/dl with improved sensitivity of 1.35 μA/mgdl−1/cm2, low detection limit (6.1 mg/dl) and low Km (0.45mM) value indicating strong enzyme (cholesterol oxidase)-matrix (CdS) affinity.
- Investigation of the nutritional and immune benefits of feeding a microbial protein product to laying hensWen, J.; Persia, Michael E. (2016-01-25)As world populations continue to grow, the demand for resource efficient lean protein will continue to rise. As so, alternatives to traditional grains and oil seeds for poultry production need to continue to be developed and evaluated for use in animal production systems. The objective of this experiment was to determine the effects of feeding a microbial protein product (MPP) on performance and immune status of first cycle laying hens. In total, 144 Hy-line W36 laying hens (34 wk of age) were randomly assigned to 3 treatments with 12 replicates of 4 birds for each replicate. Hens were maintained two to a cage (120 sq in/bird) and two consecutive cages were considered an experimental group. Hens were on a 16:8 light and temperatures were maintained between 70 and 80 °F. The control fed birds consisted of a corn-soybean meal (SBM) diet, treatment fed birds consumed a corn-SBM diets with approximately 7.5% or 15% MPP formulated to replace mostly SBM and corn. The MPP was analyzed to contain 46.7% crude protein, 3240.5 kcal/kg gross energy, 5.6% crude fiber, 31.5% non fiber carbohydrate, 0.85% crude fat and 20.91% ash. To ensure hens did not over consume feed, feed intake was controlled to 95g/hen/d. Hen-housed egg production (HHEP) and mortality were monitored daily. Eggs were collected over four continuous days monthly for Feed Conversion Ratio calculations and egg quality analysis. At the end of 16 wk period, spleen samples were collected and weighed. All data were analyzed using ANOVA and means were separated either by repeated measures using a Turkey adjustment or using Fisher’s LSD test. In both cases, significance was accepted at P ≤ 0.05. Laying hens fed the control and 7.5% MPP resulted in significantly higher HDEP (86.7 and 88.7%, respectively) than the 15% MPP (83.5%). As expected, feed intake was similar due to controlled feeding and there were no mortality over the 16 weeks. There was no difference of relative spleen weights. Body weight loss was greater in the 15% MPP in comparison to both the control and 7.5% MPP fed birds. In summary, 7.5% of the MPP was able to at least maintain if not improve egg production in laying hens, but 15% MPP resulted in reduced performance, especially at the end of the 16 week experiment.
- Program : 71st Annual Convention : 2017 Virginia State Feed Association & Nutritional Management “Cow” CollegeVirginia Tech. Department of Dairy Science (Virginia Tech. Department of Dairy Science, 2017-02)This document is the program - which contains a list of presenters, the titles of their presentations, and the times of these presentations - for the 71st Annual Convention of the 2017 Virginia State Feed Association Nutritional Management “Cow” College. This convention was held at The Hotel Roanoke and Conference Center in Roanoke, VA from February 15-16, 2017.