Raising an Eye at Facial Muscle Morphology in Canids

dc.contributor.authorSexton, Courtney L.en
dc.contributor.authorDiogo, Ruien
dc.contributor.authorSubiaul, Francysen
dc.contributor.authorBradley, Brenda J.en
dc.date.accessioned2024-05-24T13:38:47Zen
dc.date.available2024-05-24T13:38:47Zen
dc.date.issued2024-04-25en
dc.date.updated2024-05-24T13:04:19Zen
dc.description.abstractThe evolution of facial muscles in dogs has been linked to human preferential selection of dogs whose faces appear to communicate information and emotion. Dogs who convey, especially with their eyes, a sense of perceived helplessness can elicit a caregiving response from humans. However, the facial muscles used to generate such expressions may not be uniquely present in all dogs, but rather specifically cultivated among various taxa and individuals. In a preliminary, qualitative gross anatomical evaluation of 10 canid specimens of various species, we find that the presence of two facial muscles previously implicated in human-directed canine communication, the <i>levator anguli occuli medialis</i> (LAOM) and the <i>retractor anguli occuli lateralis</i> (RAOL), was not unique to domesticated dogs (<i>Canis familiaris</i>). Our results suggest that these aspects of facial musculature do not necessarily reflect selection via human domestication and breeding. In addition to quantitatively evaluating more and other members of the Canidae family, future directions should include analyses of the impact of superficial facial features on canine communication and interspecies communication between dogs and humans.en
dc.description.versionPublished versionen
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier.citationSexton, C.L.; Diogo, R.; Subiaul, F.; Bradley, B.J. Raising an Eye at Facial Muscle Morphology in Canids. Biology 2024, 13, 290.en
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.3390/biology13050290en
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10919/119104en
dc.language.isoenen
dc.publisherMDPIen
dc.rightsCreative Commons Attribution 4.0 Internationalen
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/en
dc.titleRaising an Eye at Facial Muscle Morphology in Canidsen
dc.title.serialBiologyen
dc.typeArticle - Refereeden
dc.type.dcmitypeTexten

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