Neuropathogenesis of Encephalitic Alphaviruses in Non-Human Primate and Mouse Models of Infection

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dc.contributor.authorWoodson, Caitlin M.en
dc.contributor.authorCarney, Shannon K.en
dc.contributor.authorKehn-Hall, Kyleneen
dc.date.accessioned2025-02-25T13:24:47Zen
dc.date.available2025-02-25T13:24:47Zen
dc.date.issued2025-02-14en
dc.date.updated2025-02-25T13:04:43Zen
dc.description.abstractEncephalitic alphaviruses, including eastern, Venezuelan, and western equine encephalitis virus (EEEV, VEEV, and WEEV, respectively) are New World alphaviruses primarily transmitted by mosquitos that cause debilitating and lethal central nervous system (CNS) disease in both humans and horses. Despite over one hundred years of research on these viruses, the underpinnings of the molecular mechanisms driving virally induced damage to the CNS remain unresolved. Moreover, virally induced encephalitis following exposure to these viruses causes catastrophic damage to the CNS, and survivors of infection often suffer from permanent neurological sequelae as a result of sustained neuroinflammation and neurological insults encountered. Animal models are undoubtedly invaluable tools in biomedical research, where physiologically relevant models are required to study pathogenesis and host–pathogen interactions. Here, we review the literature to examine nonhuman primate (NHP) and mouse models of infection for EEEV, VEEV, and WEEV. We provide a brief overview of relevant background information for each virus, including geography, epidemiology, and clinical disease. The primary focus of this review is to describe neuropathological features associated with CNS disease in NHP and mouse models of infection and compare CNS invasion and neuropathogenesis for aerosol, intranasal, and subcutaneous routes of exposure to EEEV, VEEV, and WEEV.en
dc.description.versionPublished versionen
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier.citationWoodson, C.M.; Carney, S.K.; Kehn-Hall, K. Neuropathogenesis of Encephalitic Alphaviruses in Non-Human Primate and Mouse Models of Infection. Pathogens 2025, 14, 193.en
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens14020193en
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10919/124712en
dc.language.isoenen
dc.publisherMDPIen
dc.rightsCreative Commons Attribution 4.0 Internationalen
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/en
dc.subjectVenezuelan equine encephalitis virusen
dc.subjecteastern equine encephalitis virusen
dc.subjectwestern equine encephalitis virusen
dc.subjectsequelaeen
dc.subjectanimal modelsen
dc.titleNeuropathogenesis of Encephalitic Alphaviruses in Non-Human Primate and Mouse Models of Infectionen
dc.title.serialPathogensen
dc.typeArticle - Refereeden
dc.type.dcmitypeTexten

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