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A Matter of Increasing Perplexity: Public Perception, Treatment, and Military Influence of Refugees in the Shenandoah Valley During the American Civil War

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dc.contributor.authorCrawford, Noah Frazieren
dc.contributor.committeechairQuigley, Paulen
dc.contributor.committeememberKiechle, Melanie A.en
dc.contributor.committeememberShadle, Brett L.en
dc.contributor.departmentHistoryen
dc.date.accessioned2021-06-29T08:00:55Zen
dc.date.available2021-06-29T08:00:55Zen
dc.date.issued2021-06-28en
dc.description.abstractThis thesis examines the ways in which definitions and perceptions of refugees in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia evolved over the course of the American Civil War. It investigates perspectives from individuals in both the United States and Confederate States to illustrate how misconceptions about refugees—who they were, what they wanted, and how they could benefit each side—dominated how displaced people were discussed. I argue that despite significant attention to refugees in newspapers, military reports, and among the public, both sides failed to adequately assist refugees who were displaced as a result of the war. Utilizing a broadly chronological approach allows greater insight into how the situation in the Shenandoah Valley escalated over time with the addition of various refugee demographic groups, including white Unionists, Black self-emancipated people, deserters, and pro-Confederate civilians. This thesis discusses how each of these groups challenged Americans' culturally-constructed definition of the word "refugee." It also demonstrates how military commanders made use of refugees as sources of military intelligence who directly influenced the events of several military campaigns. This thesis argues that misconceptions about refugees hindered an effective and meaningful response to the Valley's refugee crisis among government officials, military officers, and the general populaces of the North and the South.en
dc.description.abstractgeneralThe devastation wrought by the American Civil War in the Shenandoah Valley of western Virginia sparked a refugee crisis that grew in size over the course of the war. From the earliest days of the conflict in 1861, Americans correctly predicted that the war would displace many people. However, mistaken ideas about who qualified as a refugee and what to do with or for refugees prevented an effective response that could have alleviated the suffering of many of these people. This thesis examines how Americans struggled to understand refugees as matters of gender, race, and loyalty appeared to complicate the subject. It offers insight into not only how Americans perceived refugees, but also explores refugee experiences in order to illuminate voices that were overlooked both in the 1860s and in the decades since the war.en
dc.description.degreeMaster of Artsen
dc.format.mediumETDen
dc.identifier.othervt_gsexam:31071en
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10919/104054en
dc.publisherVirginia Techen
dc.rightsIn Copyrighten
dc.rights.urihttp://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/en
dc.subjectRefugeeen
dc.subjectFugitiveen
dc.subjectDeserteren
dc.subjectUnionisten
dc.subjectVirginiaen
dc.subjectCivil War Eraen
dc.titleA Matter of Increasing Perplexity: Public Perception, Treatment, and Military Influence of Refugees in the Shenandoah Valley During the American Civil Waren
dc.typeThesisen
thesis.degree.disciplineHistoryen
thesis.degree.grantorVirginia Polytechnic Institute and State Universityen
thesis.degree.levelmastersen
thesis.degree.nameMaster of Artsen

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