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Antimicrobial Properties of Graphite and Coal-Derived Graphene Oxides as an Advanced Coating for Titanium Implants

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dc.contributor.authorJankus, Daniel Jamesen
dc.contributor.committeechairMahajan, Roop L.en
dc.contributor.committeememberRanganathan, Shivakumaren
dc.contributor.committeememberPitchumani, Rangaen
dc.contributor.departmentMechanical Engineeringen
dc.date.accessioned2021-04-28T08:00:33Zen
dc.date.available2021-04-28T08:00:33Zen
dc.date.issued2021-04-27en
dc.description.abstractProsthetic joint infection (PJI) poses a significant risk to implanted patients, requiring multiple surgeries with high rates of reinfection. The primary cause of such infections is otherwise innocuous bacterial species present on the skin that have survived sterilization protocols. Antibiotic drugs have significantly reduced efficacy due to the lack of vasculature in the newly implanted site, allowing microbes to form biofilms with even greater resistance. Graphene oxide (GO) is known to have good biocompatibility while providing drugless antimicrobial properties. The focus of this study is on the development and characterization of a robust coating for titanium alloy implants to promote bone regeneration while inhibiting microbial biofilm adhesion to the implant surface. The novelty of this study is the use of proprietary coal-derived graphene oxide (c-GO) in a biomedical application. c-GO has been demonstrated to have a greater number of functional oxygen groups to promote cell adhesion, while also maintaining thinner layers than possible with graphite exfoliation methods. As an alternative to powerful antimicrobial drugs, it was hypothesized that an advanced coating of graphene-oxide would provide a defensive, passively antimicrobial layer to a titanium implant. While GO is typically quite expensive, the newly developed process provides an economical and environmentally friendly method of producing GO from coal (c-GO). The result is a coating that is inexpensive and capable of halving the biofilm formation of MRSA on titanium-alloy surgical screws in addition to providing improved bone cell adhesion and hard tissue compatibility.en
dc.description.abstractgeneralAny time a patient receives implantation surgery, there is a chance of microbes entering the body. These are typically naturally occurring skin flora, harmless but opportunistic. On the surface of implants within the body, these bacteria can form colonies called biofilms, leading to severe and potentially deadly infections, called prosthetic joint infection (PJI). PJI often requires multiple surgeries to remedy, but rates of reinfection are relatively high. As with any surgery, patients are given antibiotic drugs, but implants to not receive blood flow as the body normally would, reducing the effectiveness of antibiotics. Once biofilms are formed, the bacteria become even hardier and resistant even to powerful antibiotics. Graphene oxide (GO) is a carbon material known to have good biocompatibility (i.e., non-toxic) while providing antimicrobial properties. The focus of this study is on the development and characterization of a robust coating for titanium alloy implants to promote bone healing while reducing microbial biofilm colonization on the implant's surface. The novelty of this study is the use of proprietary coal-derived graphene oxide (c-GO) in a biomedical application. c-GO has been demonstrated to have a different chemical makeup than graphite-derived GO, which may improve its efficacy as an antimicrobial coating. As an alternative to powerful antimicrobial drugs, it was hypothesized that a coating of graphene-oxide would provide a defensive, passively antimicrobial layer to a titanium implant. While GO is typically quite expensive, the newly developed one-pot process provides an economical and environmentally friendly method of producing GO from coal (c-GO). The result is a coating that is inexpensive and capable of halving the biofilm formation of MRSA on titanium-alloy surgical screws in addition to providing improved bone cell adhesion and hard tissue compatibility.en
dc.description.degreeMaster of Scienceen
dc.format.mediumETDen
dc.identifier.othervt_gsexam:29917en
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10919/103151en
dc.publisherVirginia Techen
dc.rightsIn Copyrighten
dc.rights.urihttp://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/en
dc.subjectantimicrobialen
dc.subjectgrapheneen
dc.subjectgraphene-oxideen
dc.subjectimplanten
dc.subjectmedicalen
dc.subjectnano-coatingen
dc.subjectbiofilmen
dc.subjectprosthetic joint infectionen
dc.subjectbone tissue engineeringen
dc.subjecttitaniumen
dc.titleAntimicrobial Properties of Graphite and Coal-Derived Graphene Oxides as an Advanced Coating for Titanium Implantsen
dc.typeThesisen
thesis.degree.disciplineMechanical Engineeringen
thesis.degree.grantorVirginia Polytechnic Institute and State Universityen
thesis.degree.levelmastersen
thesis.degree.nameMaster of Scienceen

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