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A spectrum of preferential flow alters solute mobility in soils

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dc.contributor.authorRadolinski, Jesseen
dc.contributor.authorLe, Hanhen
dc.contributor.authorHilaire, Sheldon S.en
dc.contributor.authorXia, Kangen
dc.contributor.authorScott, Durelle T.en
dc.contributor.authorStewart, Ryan D.en
dc.date.accessioned2022-07-13T12:51:18Zen
dc.date.available2022-07-13T12:51:18Zen
dc.date.issued2022-03-11en
dc.description.abstractPreferential flow reduces water residence times and allows rapid transport of pollutants such as organic contaminants. Thus, preferential flow is considered to reduce the influence of soil matrix-solute interactions during solute transport. While this claim may be true when rainfall directly follows solute application, forcing rapid chemical and physical disequilibrium, it has been perpetuated as a general feature of solute transport-regardless of the magnitude preferential flow. A small number of studies have alternatively shown that preferential transport of strongly sorbing solutes is reduced when solutes have time to diffuse and equilibrate within the soil matrix. Here we expand this inference by allowing solute sorption equilibrium to occur and exploring how physiochemical properties affect solute transport across a vast range of preferential flow. We applied deuterium-labeled rainfall to field plots containing manure spiked with eight common antibiotics with a range of affinity for the soil after 7 days of equilibration with the soil matrix and quantified preferential flow and solute transport using 48 soil pore water samplers spread along a hillslope. Based on > 700 measurements, our data showed that solute transport to lysimeters was similar-regardless of antibiotic affinity for soil-when preferential flow represented less than 15% of the total water flow. When preferential flow exceeded 15%, however, concentrations were higher for compounds with relatively low affinity for soil. We provide evidence that (1) bypassing water flow can select for compounds that are more easily released from the soil matrix, and (2) this phenomenon becomes more evident as the magnitude of preferential flow increases. We argue that considering the natural spectrum preferential flow as an explanatory variable to gauge the influence of soil matrix-solute interactions may improve parsimonious transport models.en
dc.description.notesThis material is based upon work supported by the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, U.S. Department of Agriculture, under Grants 2017-67019-26401 and 2018-67019-27851. Funding was also provided in part by the Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station and the Hatch program of the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, U.S. Department of Agriculture (1026126).en
dc.description.sponsorshipNational Institute of Food and Agriculture, U.S. Department of Agriculture [2017-67019-26401, 2018-67019-27851]; Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station; Hatch program of the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, U.S. Department of Agriculture [1026126]en
dc.description.versionPublished versionen
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-08241-wen
dc.identifier.issn2045-2322en
dc.identifier.issue1en
dc.identifier.other4261en
dc.identifier.pmid35277572en
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10919/111232en
dc.identifier.volume12en
dc.language.isoenen
dc.publisherNature Portfolioen
dc.rightsCreative Commons Attribution 4.0 Internationalen
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/en
dc.subjectdual-porosity modelen
dc.subjectmultiple anionic tracersen
dc.subjectsubsurface tile drainsen
dc.subjectmacropore flowen
dc.subjectwater-flowen
dc.subjectveterinary antibioticsen
dc.subjecttransporten
dc.subjectpesticideen
dc.subjectmovementen
dc.subjectsorptionen
dc.titleA spectrum of preferential flow alters solute mobility in soilsen
dc.title.serialScientific Reportsen
dc.typeArticle - Refereeden
dc.type.dcmitypeTexten

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