Multimodal Displays for Take-over in Level 3 Automated Vehicles while Playing a Game

Take-over is one of the most crucial user interactions in semi-automated vehicles. To make better communication between driver and vehicle, research has been conducted on various take-over request displays, yet the potential has not been fully investigated. The present paper explored the effects of adding auditory displays to visual text. Earcon and speech showed the best performance and acceptance with spearcon the least. This study is expected to provide the basic data and guidelines for future research and design practice.