From Vacancy to Vitality: Adaptive Reuse Strategies for an Abandoned Church in Washington, D. C.

Abstract

This thesis stems from a personal interest in adaptive reuse, particularly within the typology of institutional buildings. In the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, churches—once vital community anchors—have become some of the most affected institutions, facing declining attendance and increasing tax burdens. As a result, many have been left vacant, especially in urban areas like downtown Washington, D.C. The aim of this project is to re imagine one such church, no longer functioning as a religious institution, and transform it into a vibrant center for the performing arts. The goal is not to erase the building's historical and architectural identity, but to explore how its spiritual and spatial character can coexist with a new, inclusive program. This transformed space will serve as a gathering point for the community, professionals, and residents—hosting performances, educational programs, and creative events for people of all ages. Through research and design exploration, this thesis questions: Must a church always remain a church? The findings suggest that while the original function of a building may change, its architectural integrity can be preserved and reinterpreted. Adaptive reuse poses a unique challenge to architects—it demands creativity within constraint, respect for the past, and vision for the future. It is not merely a design strategy, but a sustainable, responsible approach to preserving the built environment while responding to contemporary needs.