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Removing Neonicotinoid Seed Treatments Has Negligible Effects on Refuge Function and Crop Protection in Transgenic Maize Targeting Western Corn Rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

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dc.contributor.authorBekelja, Kyleen
dc.contributor.authorMiller, Kathleenen
dc.contributor.authorKuhar, Thomas P.en
dc.contributor.authorKrupke, Christianen
dc.contributor.authorTaylor, Sally V.en
dc.date.accessioned2023-01-27T15:55:45Zen
dc.date.available2023-01-27T15:55:45Zen
dc.date.issued2023-01en
dc.date.updated2023-01-27T14:42:52Zen
dc.description.abstractNearly all maize seed sold in the United States (US) includes a neonicotinoid seed treatment (NST), meant to protect seedlings against early-season insect pests. For key pests, including western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte) (D.v.v), insecticidal proteins derived from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) are expressed in plant tissues as alternatives to soil-applied insecticides. Insect resistance management (IRM) plans use non-Bt “refuges” to encourage survival of Bt-susceptible D.v.v., which maintains susceptible alleles in the population. In non-cotton producing regions, IRM guidelines require a minimum 5% blended refuge for maize expressing more than one trait targeting D.v.v. Prior work has shown that 5% blends yield insufficient proportions of refuge beetles to contribute reliably to IRM. Whether NSTs interfere with survivorship of refuge beetles is unknown. Our objective was to determine whether NSTs affect proportions of refuge beetles, and secondarily, to determine whether NSTs provide agronomic advantages over Bt seed alone. To reveal host plant type (i.e., Bt or refuge), we used stable isotopes (15N) to mark refuge plants in plots with 5% seed blends. To assess refuge performance between treatments, we compared proportions of beetles from respective natal hosts. In all site-years, NSTs showed inconsistent, often negligible, effects on proportions of refuge beetles. Treatment comparisons showed inconsistent agronomic benefits of NSTs when combined with Bt traits. Our results demonstrate that NSTs have a negligible impact on refuge performance and reinforces the assertion 5% blends are serving little benefit for IRM. Plant stand and yield were not improved by NSTs.en
dc.description.versionSubmitted versionen
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier.issn0022-0493en
dc.identifier.orcidBekelja, Kyle [0000-0002-1253-5577]en
dc.identifier.orcidKuhar, Thomas [0000-0002-2076-1494]en
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10919/113540en
dc.language.isoenen
dc.publisherEntomological Society of Americaen
dc.rightsIn Copyrighten
dc.rights.urihttp://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/en
dc.subjectBacillus thuringiensisen
dc.subjectNeonicotinoidsen
dc.subjectInsect resistance managementen
dc.titleRemoving Neonicotinoid Seed Treatments Has Negligible Effects on Refuge Function and Crop Protection in Transgenic Maize Targeting Western Corn Rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)en
dc.title.serialJournal of Economic Entomologyen
dc.typeArticleen
dc.type.dcmitypeTexten
dc.type.otherArticleen
pubs.organisational-group/Virginia Techen
pubs.organisational-group/Virginia Tech/Agriculture & Life Sciencesen
pubs.organisational-group/Virginia Tech/Agriculture & Life Sciences/Entomologyen
pubs.organisational-group/Virginia Tech/All T&R Facultyen
pubs.organisational-group/Virginia Tech/Agriculture & Life Sciences/CALS T&R Facultyen

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