Hate Managers and Where They Target: An Analysis of Hate Crime as Hate Group Self-Help

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dc.contributor.authorLloyd, Jonathan Andrewen
dc.contributor.committeechairHawdon, James E.en
dc.contributor.committeememberShoemaker, Donald J.en
dc.contributor.committeememberReichelmann, Ashley V.en
dc.contributor.departmentSociologyen
dc.date.accessioned2019-07-03T08:01:42Zen
dc.date.available2019-07-03T08:01:42Zen
dc.date.issued2019-07-02en
dc.description.abstractI explore the relationships between hate group activity, community factors, and the likelihood of hate crime occurrence within a county area. I integrate considerations raised by Routine Activity and Social Control theorists as well as current hate crime literature to frame my concept of the hate manager, an agent of social control that utilizes hate crimes as a means of enacting extralegal self-help for hate groups. I explore the relationship between hate managers and hate crime by testing a model relating hate group activity and hate crime occurrences by location. Next, I correlate hate crime occurrences with hate group activity at the county level for the state of Virginia using public data. I find that a hate group's presence holds greater predictive power than nearly any other factor for hate crime likelihood. My findings illustrate the nature of hate crime as a means of social control; whereby hate groups act as a parochial order and maintain hierarchical relations between offenders and victims through means of disciplinary crimes. I conclude by outlining suggestions for future research into the role of the hate manager.en
dc.description.abstractgeneralIn my thesis, I ask the question of how hate groups methodically encourage where hate crimes occur. I do this by creating the concept of the hate manager. Hate managers are figures which influence would-be criminals into their illegal acts. They do this by stoking the fears necessary for them to act outside legal boundaries in reaction to some feeling of threat, an act known as self-help. Hate crimes, I argue, are a form of self-help where the feeling of threat is directed towards individuals belonging to some marginalized group. By looking at data collected by various agencies in the state of Virginia, I discover that the presence of a hate group in a county is a stronger predictor for such acts than any other factor for hate crime likelihood. By doing so, I demonstrate that hate crimes are a form of social control. That is, I argue that hate groups maintain a sense of order or ranking by means of illegal and disciplinary self-help in the form of hate crimes. I conclude my thesis by outlining suggestions for future exploration of the hate manager’s role.en
dc.description.degreeMaster of Scienceen
dc.format.mediumETDen
dc.identifier.othervt_gsexam:19861en
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10919/90883en
dc.publisherVirginia Techen
dc.rightsCreative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internationalen
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/en
dc.subjectHate Crimeen
dc.subjectHate Groupsen
dc.subjectSocial Control Theoryen
dc.subjectRoutine Activity Theoryen
dc.subjectSociologyen
dc.subjectCriminologyen
dc.titleHate Managers and Where They Target: An Analysis of Hate Crime as Hate Group Self-Helpen
dc.typeThesisen
thesis.degree.disciplineSociologyen
thesis.degree.grantorVirginia Polytechnic Institute and State Universityen
thesis.degree.levelmastersen
thesis.degree.nameMaster of Scienceen

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