Soil phosphatases: factors affecting enzyme activity in Arctic tussock tundra and Virginia mineral soils

dc.contributor.authorHerbein, Sue Bortzen
dc.contributor.departmentMicrobiologyen
dc.date.accessioned2019-01-31T18:27:14Zen
dc.date.available2019-01-31T18:27:14Zen
dc.date.issued1981en
dc.description.abstractThe effect of pH, temperature, substrate concentration, and orthophosphate on abiontic phosphomonoesterase activity was examined in disturbed and undisturbed Arctic soils with variable moisture content and in Virginia forest, grassland and agricultural soils. Distribution of acid and alkaline phosphatases was related to soil pH. The pH optimum for enzyme activity was near 5.5 in all soils except agricultural soil where it was 11. The pH of all soils except agricultural soil was between 4.7 and 6.6. At pH 5.5 enzyme activity was 10 to 20 fold greater in O<sub>e</sub> - O<sub>i</sub> horizon Arctic soils than in Ap horizon Virginia soils. Undisturbed Arctic soils had 30-40% greater activity than disturbed soils. Phosphomonoesterase activity in each soil was 10 fold greater than either phosphodiesterase or phosphotriesterase activity in the same soil. Three hundred to 700 µg p-nitrophenol ·g⁻¹ h⁻¹ were released by Arctic soils incubated at 0°C; levels increased as temperature increased. K<sub>m<sub>app</sub></sub> (v: v/S regression analysis) ranged from 1.57 to 2.91 mM (Arctic) and 2.11 to 3.23 mM (Virginia). V<sub>max</sub>’ expressed as µmoles·g⁻¹ h⁻¹, ranged from 17.6 to 23.2 (Arctic) and 0.52 to 3.66 (Virginia). Orthophosphate inhibition of p-nitrophenyl phosphatase activities was competitive or mixed in Arctic soils and competitive in Virginia soils. K<sub>i</sub> ranged from 3.4 to 11.7 mM (Arctic) and 4.12 to 15.6 mM (Virginia). Data suggests that the potential for phosphatase catalyzed phosphate hydrolysis is greatest in the organic Arctic soils (gram dry weight basis) and activity in those soils is influenced by disturbance and moisture.en
dc.description.degreeMaster of Scienceen
dc.format.extentviii, 102, [2] leavesen
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10919/87200en
dc.language.isoen_USen
dc.publisherVirginia Polytechnic Institute and State Universityen
dc.relation.isformatofOCLC# 8191347en
dc.rightsIn Copyrighten
dc.rights.urihttp://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/en
dc.subject.lccLD5655.V855 1981.H472en
dc.subject.lcshPhosphatasesen
dc.subject.lcshSoil microbiology -- Virginiaen
dc.subject.lcshSoil microbiology -- Arctic regionsen
dc.titleSoil phosphatases: factors affecting enzyme activity in Arctic tussock tundra and Virginia mineral soilsen
dc.typeThesisen
dc.type.dcmitypeTexten
thesis.degree.disciplineMicrobiologyen
thesis.degree.grantorVirginia Polytechnic Institute and State Universityen
thesis.degree.levelmastersen
thesis.degree.nameMaster of Scienceen

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