Characterization of Electrically Controlled Gel Polymer Electrolyte Monopropellants

Abstract

Increasing interest in the development of nontoxic monopropellants for the replacement of hydrazine and its derivatives stems from the desire for safer and thus more cost-effective alternatives. Ionic liquid monopropellants based on the hydroxylammonium nitrate and ammonium dinitramide ionic oxidizer salts have received the majority of attention over the last two decades and present a promising alternative with higher performance and more attractive handling qualities than hydrazine. These monopropellants are employed using catalytic methods which lead to their decomposition and ignition. However, the development of compatible catalysts remains a limiting step in the technological readiness of these alternative monopropellants. Due to their ionic nature, the development of ionic liquid monopropellants has led to many investigations on the utilization of electrolysis to achieve combustion. Separately, there has been a longtime interest in the use of gelled propellants for enhanced handling and operating safety. Atomization and combustion inefficiencies associated with gels have continued to limit their use. Monopropellants composed of gel polymer electrolytes present a unique opportunity which combines the safety features of gelled propellants as well as the ionic conductivity seen in ionic liquids, allowing them to decompose and ignite electrolytically. In this research, a family of electrically controlled monopropellants that utilize electrolysis in this fashion was developed from a gel polymer electrolyte. Their fundamental properties, including those pertaining to rheology, conductivity, thermal stability, and combustion, are explored as the composition of the oxidizer salt is varied.