dc.contributor.author	Ibrahim, Mazlan	en
dc.contributor.committeechair	Glasser, Wolfgang G.	en
dc.contributor.committeemember	Helm, Richard F.	en
dc.contributor.committeemember	Agblevor, Foster Aryi	en
dc.contributor.department	Wood Science and Forest Products	en
dc.date.accessioned	2014-03-14T20:51:11Z	en
dc.date.adate	1998-03-10	en
dc.date.available	2014-03-14T20:51:11Z	en
dc.date.issued	1998-02-24	en
dc.date.rdate	1999-03-10	en
dc.date.sdate	1998-02-24	en
dc.description.abstract	The fractionation of two biomass resources, red oak (Quercus rubra) chips and oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) trunk solids, into constitutive chemical components, cellulose, hemicelluloses (called "other carbohydrates") and non-carbohydrates (includes lignin, tannins, etc.), was studied quantitatively in terms of relative cleanness. Red oak chips were steam exploded using a batch reactor at five different treatment severities, Ro 5,000, 10,000, 15,000, 20,000 and 35,000. Steam exploded fibers (SEF) of each severity were extracted with water and alkali. Mass fractionation and summative analysis data of all solid biomass fractions were determined. These data were interpreted in term of a unifying clean fractionation concept designed to evaluate the effectiveness of the fractionation processes. Within a series of severities applied to a single biomass resource, the quantitative clean fractionation can be used to choose an optimum severity for the isolation of any particular component fraction. The red oak results revealed that 25 % (on average) of biomass solids were lost during steam explosion. Cellulose remained almost unaffected (retained in fibers form) by water and alkali extraction. About 35-55 % of the hemicelluloses can be recovered in the water extracted liquor fraction (WEL). The remaining non-cellulosic carbohydrates were lost during steam explosion, especially at high severity. At Ro 10,000 and above, alkali extracted fibers (AEF) consists almost entirely of cellulose and non-carbohydrates. The majority of the non-carbohydrates component (> 50 %) can be isolated by alkali extraction. The non-carbohydrate component harvested increased with severity to 67% at Ro 35,000.	en
dc.description.degree	Master of Science	en
dc.identifier.other	etd-2998-114756	en
dc.identifier.sourceurl	http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-2998-114756/	en
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36583	en
dc.publisher	Virginia Tech	en
dc.relation.haspart	e-front.pdf	en
dc.relation.haspart	e-body1.pdf	en
dc.relation.haspart	e-body2.pdf	en
dc.relation.haspart	E_BACK2.PDF	en
dc.rights	In Copyright	en
dc.rights.uri	http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/	en
dc.subject	Red oak (Quercus rubra)	en
dc.subject	Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis)	en
dc.subject	Hydrothermal process	en
dc.subject	Cellulose	en
dc.subject	Lignin	en
dc.subject	Hemicelluloses	en
dc.subject	Summative analysis.	en
dc.title	Clean Fractionation of Biomass - Steam Explosion and Extraction	en
dc.type	Thesis	en
thesis.degree.discipline	Wood Science and Forest Products	en
thesis.degree.grantor	Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University	en
thesis.degree.level	masters	en
thesis.degree.name	Master of Science	en

Clean Fractionation of Biomass - Steam Explosion and Extraction

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