Fibrosarcoma-induced Dysregulation of Interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 Activities and their Modulation by Paclitaxel

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dc.contributor.authorFalwell, Elizabeth Paigeen
dc.contributor.committeechairElgert, Klaus D.en
dc.contributor.committeememberGogal, Robert M. Jr.en
dc.contributor.committeememberBurger, Carol J.en
dc.contributor.departmentBiologyen
dc.date.accessioned2014-03-14T20:40:03Zen
dc.date.adate2005-08-15en
dc.date.available2014-03-14T20:40:03Zen
dc.date.issued2005-06-07en
dc.date.rdate2006-08-15en
dc.date.sdate2005-06-15en
dc.description.abstractCancer remains an elusive killer due, in part, to the suppression of normal immunologic antitumor responses. Normal host (NH) macrophage (Mϕ) populations have tumoricidal effects such as tumor antigen phagocytosis and presentation, and cytokine production. Tumor-infiltrating Mϕs may evade these activities by dysregulating production of immunostimulatory cytokines (including Interleukin [IL]-1β, IL-18, and tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α]), by production of antagonistic factors. The restoration of IL-1β, IL-18, and TNF-α production by Mϕs could re-establish antitumor host immune responses. Previous work in our laboratory suggests that tumor distal (TD) Mϕs produce more IL-1β than NH Mϕs when stimulated with IFN-γ and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We hypothesize that the presence of immunomodulatory factors like IL-10 and TGF-β dysregulate IL-1β production in tumor proximal (TP) Mϕs. Indeed, IL-1β production was downregulated among in situ TP Mϕs. We have proposed that IL-18, a structural homologue to IL-1β was similarly dysregulated in TD and TP Mϕs. IL-18 was enhanced in both distal and proximal Mϕs. Differences in the functions of these cytokines could account for this dissimilarity. TNF-α, another proinflammatory cytokine, followed the dysregulation pattern of IL-1β in our tumor-burdened hosts (TBH), likely because of the similar functions of these cytokines. Because it is a potential vehicle for immunotherapeutic treatment, paclitaxel's action on the immune response (TAXOL™) was investigated. Paclitaxel is a potent Mϕ activator that upregulates a variety of cytokines in an LPS-like manner. Paclitaxel enhanced TD Mϕ production of IL-1β, IL-18, and TNF-α in an LPS-like manner. Production of IL-1β and TNF-α was reduced in TP Mϕs when treated with paclitaxel; however, IL-18 production was enhanced. This difference could be due to the different functions of IL-1β and IL-18. To determine whether production of these cytokines translates into downstream expression of transcription products, IL-12 and nitric oxide (NO) were assayed. NO was enhanced distally, but paclitaxel treatment failed to enhance NO production. When treated with paclitaxel, IL-12 was produced by NH and TD Mϕs. Collectively, these studies suggest that tumor-induced cytokine imbalances compromise antitumor immunity and paclitaxel may reverse this activity.en
dc.description.degreeMaster of Scienceen
dc.identifier.otheretd-06152005-135205en
dc.identifier.sourceurlhttp://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06152005-135205/en
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10919/33588en
dc.publisherVirginia Techen
dc.relation.haspartthesis081105.pdfen
dc.rightsIn Copyrighten
dc.rights.urihttp://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/en
dc.subjectpaclitaxelen
dc.subjectIL-12en
dc.subjectfibrosarcomaen
dc.subjectIL-1βen
dc.subjectNF-κBen
dc.subjectnitric oxideen
dc.subjectIL-18en
dc.titleFibrosarcoma-induced Dysregulation of Interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 Activities and their Modulation by Paclitaxelen
dc.typeThesisen
thesis.degree.disciplineBiologyen
thesis.degree.grantorVirginia Polytechnic Institute and State Universityen
thesis.degree.levelmastersen
thesis.degree.nameMaster of Scienceen

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