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Latent heat of traffic moving from rest

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dc.contributor.authorAhmadi, S. Farzaden
dc.contributor.authorBerrier, Austin S.en
dc.contributor.authorDoty, William M.en
dc.contributor.authorGreer, Pat G.en
dc.contributor.authorHabibi, Mohammaden
dc.contributor.authorMorgan, Hunter A.en
dc.contributor.authorWaterman, Josam H.C.en
dc.contributor.authorAbaid, Nicoleen
dc.contributor.authorBoreyko, Jonathan B.en
dc.contributor.departmentBiomedical Engineering and Mechanicsen
dc.date.accessioned2018-07-24T17:01:37Zen
dc.date.available2018-07-24T17:01:37Zen
dc.date.issued2017-11-22en
dc.description.abstractContrary to traditional thinking and driver intuition, here we show that there is no benefit to ground vehicles increasing their packing density at stoppages. By systematically controlling the packing density of vehicles queued at a traffic light on a Smart Road, drone footage revealed that the benefit of an initial increase in displacement for close-packed vehicles is completely offset by the lag time inherent to changing back into a ‘liquid phase’ when flowresumes. This lag is analogous to the thermodynamic concept of the latent heat of fusion, as the ‘temperature’ (kinetic energy) of the vehicles cannot increase until the traffic ‘melts’ into the liquid phase.These findings suggest that in situations where gridlock is not an issue, drivers should not decrease their spacing during stoppages in order to lessen the likelihood of collisions with no loss in flowefficiency. In contrast, motion capture experiments of a line of people walking from rest showed higher flow efficiency with increased packing densities, indicating that the importance of latent heat becomes trivial for slower moving systems.en
dc.description.sponsorshipDepartment of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics at Virginia Techen
dc.description.sponsorshipInstitute for Creativity, Arts, and Technologyen
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/aa95f0en
dc.identifier.issue11en
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10919/84307en
dc.identifier.volume19en
dc.language.isoen_USen
dc.publisherIOP Publishingen
dc.rightsCreative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unporteden
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/en
dc.subjecttrafficen
dc.subjectlatent heaten
dc.subjectstart-up lost timeen
dc.subjectdeparture flow rateen
dc.subjectpedestriansen
dc.subjectphase transitionsen
dc.titleLatent heat of traffic moving from resten
dc.title.serialNew Journal of Physicsen
dc.typeArticle - Refereeden
dc.type.dcmitypeTexten

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