Evaluation of Bromate Formation and Control using Preformed Monochloramine in Ozonation for Indirect Potable Reuse

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dc.contributor.authorPearce, Robert Lindsay MacCormacken
dc.contributor.committeechairPruden, Amyen
dc.contributor.committeechairBott, Charles B.en
dc.contributor.committeememberKnocke, William R.en
dc.contributor.departmentCivil and Environmental Engineeringen
dc.date.accessioned2020-06-06T06:00:26Zen
dc.date.available2020-06-06T06:00:26Zen
dc.date.issued2018-12-13en
dc.description.abstractOzone is a powerful oxidant and disinfectant used in potable wastewater reuse to destroy specific harmful compounds, including pharmaceuticals, personal care products and endocrine disrupting compounds. Ozonation also increases the biodegradability of recalcitrant organic compounds and inactivates disease-causing microbes. However, bromate, a regulated possible human carcinogen can form when bromide is present due to natural or industrial sources. Pilot-scale testing on wastewater treatment plant effluent with high bromide concentrations showed that the addition of preformed monochloramine could reduce bromate formation by as much as 97%. Monochloramine addition was able to keep concentrations below the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Maximum Contaminant Level of 10 µg/L while exceeding 3-log or 99.9% virus removal credit. Preforming monochloramine in separate carrier water prior to addition upstream of ozonation eliminated the potential for disinfection byproduct formation when monochloramine is formed in the main water flow. This also allowed for the mechanisms of bromate suppression by monochloramine to be examined without the influence of reactions between chlorine and dissolved organic matter present. This research can help increase the application of ozonation in water reuse.en
dc.description.abstractgeneralOzone is a powerful oxidant and disinfectant used in potable wastewater reuse to destroy specific harmful compounds, including pharmaceuticals, personal care products and endocrine disrupting compounds. Ozonation also increases the biodegradability of recalcitrant organic compounds and inactivates disease-causing microbes. However, bromate, a regulated possible human carcinogen can form when bromide is present due to natural or industrial sources. Pilot-scale testing on wastewater treatment plant effluent with high bromide concentrations showed that the addition of preformed monochloramine could reduce bromate formation by as much as 97%. Monochloramine addition was able to keep concentrations below the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Maximum Contaminant Level of 10 µg/L while exceeding 3-log or 99.9% virus removal credit. Preforming monochloramine in separate carrier water prior to addition upstream of ozonation eliminated the potential for disinfection byproduct formation when monochloramine is formed in the main water flow. This also allowed for the mechanisms of bromate suppression by monochloramine to be examined without the influence of reactions between chlorine and dissolved organic matter present. This research can help increase the application of ozonation in water reuse.en
dc.description.degreeMSen
dc.format.mediumETDen
dc.identifier.othervt_gsexam:17995en
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10919/98773en
dc.publisherVirginia Techen
dc.rightsIn Copyrighten
dc.rights.urihttp://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/en
dc.subjectOzoneen
dc.subjectBromateen
dc.subjectMonochloramineen
dc.subjectWater Reuseen
dc.titleEvaluation of Bromate Formation and Control using Preformed Monochloramine in Ozonation for Indirect Potable Reuseen
dc.typeThesisen
thesis.degree.disciplineCivil Engineeringen
thesis.degree.grantorVirginia Polytechnic Institute and State Universityen
thesis.degree.levelmastersen
thesis.degree.nameMSen

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