A retrospective analysis of bull:cow ratio effects on pregnancy rates of beef cows previously enrolled in fixed-time artificial insemination protocols

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dc.contributor.authorTimlin, Claire L.en
dc.contributor.authorDias, Nicholas W.en
dc.contributor.authorHungerford, Laura L.en
dc.contributor.authorRedifer, Traceyen
dc.contributor.authorCurrin, John F.en
dc.contributor.authorMercadante, Vitor R. G.en
dc.date.accessioned2022-04-15T15:00:11Zen
dc.date.available2022-04-15T15:00:11Zen
dc.date.issued2021-07en
dc.description.abstractThis retrospective study aimed to determine if the number of cows exposed per bull affects pregnancy rates of cows returning to estrus after fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI). Data were compiled over the course of 13 breeding seasons (six fall and seven spring seasons) between 2010 and 2017 from the Virginia Department of Corrections herd. Available records contained data from 17 farms and 324 groups of cows (average 47 cows/group). Multiparous cows and heifers (average age per group: 5.11 +/- 0.14 yr; n = 14,868) were exposed to FTAI. After FTAI, animals were placed on pasture with bulls diagnosed as fertile by a breeding soundness exam for natural service of cows who did not become pregnant to FTAI (n = 7,248; average 22 cows/group). Animals were classified as pregnant to FTAI, to natural service on first return to estrus, or to natural service on second or subsequent estrus determined by fetal aging at pregnancy diagnosis. The bull:cow ratio for the total number of cows exposed ranged from 1:9 to 1:73 with an average of 1:31. The bull:cow ratio considering only open cows exposed after FTAI ranged from 1:2 to 1:44 with an average of 1:14. There was significant negative, small correlation between the bull:cow ratio for total number of cows exposed and return to estrus pregnancy rate in fall breeding seasons (P = 0.01, r(2) = 0.04) but not in spring (P = 0.90). There was a significant negative, small correlation between bull:cow ratio of open cows exposed and pregnancy rates to first return to estrus in fall herds with a single sire (P < 0.001, r(2) = 0.11). There was no correlation in fall herds using multiple sires or spring herds (P = 0.12). Bull:cow ratio accounted for only 1-11% of variation in the pregnancy rates, thus we conclude that a decreased bull:cow ratio (up to 1:73) did not affect natural service return to estrus pregnancy rate. Cattlemen may consider a reduced number of bulls needed for natural service breeding after FTAI, which can decrease bull related costs and increase the economic feasibility of adopting FTAI protocols.en
dc.description.notesFellowship support for C.L. Timlin was provided by the Institute for Critical Technology and Applied Sciences (ICTAS) Doctoral Scholars Program at Virginia Tech. This work is supported by the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture Hatch project VA-160080. The authors would like to thank the veterinarians and technicians at Production Medicine and Management Service, as well as the Virginia Department of Corrections for providing and maintaining the cattle and records used in this analysis.en
dc.description.sponsorshipInstitute for Critical Technology and Applied Sciences (ICTAS) Doctoral Scholars Program at Virginia Tech; USDA National Institute of Food and AgricultureUnited States Department of Agriculture (USDA) [VA-160080]en
dc.description.versionPublished versionen
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1093/tas/txab129en
dc.identifier.eissn2573-2102en
dc.identifier.issue3en
dc.identifier.othertxab129en
dc.identifier.pmid34514347en
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10919/109677en
dc.identifier.volume5en
dc.language.isoenen
dc.rightsCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 Internationalen
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/en
dc.subjectbullen
dc.subjectcow ratioen
dc.subjectfixed-timed artificial inseminationen
dc.titleA retrospective analysis of bull:cow ratio effects on pregnancy rates of beef cows previously enrolled in fixed-time artificial insemination protocolsen
dc.title.serialTranslational Animal Scienceen
dc.typeArticle - Refereeden
dc.type.dcmitypeTexten

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