Analysis of a 180-degree U-turn maneuver executed by a hipposiderid bat

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dc.contributor.authorWindes, Peteren
dc.contributor.authorTafti, Danesh K.en
dc.contributor.authorMüller, Rolfen
dc.contributor.departmentMechanical Engineeringen
dc.date.accessioned2021-01-26T18:08:43Zen
dc.date.available2021-01-26T18:08:43Zen
dc.date.issued2020-11-03en
dc.description.abstractBats possess wings comprised of a flexible membrane and a jointed skeletal structure allowing them to execute complex flight maneuvers such as rapid tight turns. The extent of a bat's tight turning capability can be explored by analyzing a 180-degree U-turn. Prior studies have investigated more subtle flight maneuvers, but the kinematic and aerodynamic mechanisms of a U-turn have not been characterized. In this work, we use 3D optical motion capture and aerodynamic simulations to investigate a U-turn maneuver executed by a great roundleaf bat (Hipposideros armiger: mass = 55 g, span = 51 cm). The bat was observed to decrease its flight velocity and gain approximately 20 cm of altitude entering the U-turn. By lowering its velocity from 2.0 m/s to 0.5 m/s, the centripetal force requirement to execute a tight turn was substantially reduced. Centripetal force was generated by tilting the lift force vector laterally through banking. During the initiation of the U-turn, the bank angle increased from 20 degrees to 40 degrees. During the initiation and persisting throughout the U-turn, the flap amplitude of the right wing (inside of the turn) increased relative to the left wing. In addition, the right wing moved more laterally closer to the centerline of the body during the end of the downstroke and the beginning of the upstroke compared to the left wing. Reorientation of the body into the turn happened prior to a change in the flight path of the bat. Once the bat entered the U-turn and the bank angle increased, the change in flight path of the bat began to change rapidly as the bat negotiated the apex of the turn. During this phase of the turn, the minimum radius of curvature of the bat was 5.5 cm. During the egress of the turn, the bat accelerated and expended stored potential energy by descending. The cycle averaged total power expenditure by the bat during the six wingbeat cycle U-turn maneuver was 0.51 W which was approximately 40% above the power expenditure calculated for a nominally straight flight by the same bat. Future work on the topic of bat maneuverability may investigate a broader array of maneuvering flights characterizing the commonalities and differences across flights. In addition, the interplay between aerodynamic moments and inertial moments are of interest in order to more robustly characterize maneuvering mechanisms.en
dc.description.notesThis research received financial support from NSF CBET Grant No. 1510797, NSF IRES Grant No. 1658620, support from VT ICTAS/BIST Center, National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11374192 & 11574183), and Chinese Ministry of Education Tese Grant for international faculty exchange.en
dc.description.sponsorshipNSF CBETNational Science Foundation (NSF) [1510797]; NSF IRESNational Science Foundation (NSF)NSF - Office of the Director (OD) [1658620]; VT ICTAS/BIST Center, National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNational Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [11374192, 11574183]; Chinese Ministry of Education Tese Granten
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0241489en
dc.identifier.issn1932-6203en
dc.identifier.issue11en
dc.identifier.othere0241489en
dc.identifier.pmid33141874en
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10919/102083en
dc.identifier.volume15en
dc.language.isoenen
dc.rightsCreative Commons Attribution 4.0 Internationalen
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/en
dc.titleAnalysis of a 180-degree U-turn maneuver executed by a hipposiderid baten
dc.title.serialPlos Oneen
dc.typeArticle - Refereeden
dc.type.dcmitypeTexten
dc.type.dcmitypeStillImageen
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