Surface Modification Of Exhausted Activated Carbon For The Enhanced Removal Of Per- And Polyfluoroalkyl Substances

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dc.contributor.authorWaller Jr., Christopher Alanen
dc.contributor.committeechairWiddowson, Mark A.en
dc.contributor.committeechairBott, Charles B.en
dc.contributor.committeememberEdwards, Marc A.en
dc.contributor.departmentEnvironmental Science and Engineeringen
dc.date.accessioned2025-01-10T09:00:58Zen
dc.date.available2025-01-10T09:00:58Zen
dc.date.issued2025-01-09en
dc.description.abstractgeneralGranular activated carbon (GAC) is a treatment technology commonly used in drinking water treatment. Recently, a maximum contaminant limit (MCL) has been proposed for a group of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), a class of chemicals that have been used in many consumer products and industrial applications. GAC is capable of the treatment of PFAS below the MCL, but in many water sources competing contaminants are present that are also removed by GAC, reducing the capacity for PFAS removal. This requires more frequent replacement of the carbon media and greatly increases the cost of the treatment. Surface modification can be performed to increase the removal capacity and specificity of the GAC, allowing more of its removal capacity to be used for PFAS. Surface modification is performed by coating the GAC in a chemical that is then immobilized on the carbon through electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions. As GAC and many micropollutants treated by GAC, including the regulated PFAS, are negative, performing surface modification using a positive chemical increases the removal capacity of the carbon. Bench-scale tests using fully exhausted carbon showed PFAS removal following up-flow and influent addition surface modification.en
dc.description.degreeMaster of Scienceen
dc.format.mediumETDen
dc.identifier.othervt_gsexam:41854en
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10919/124083en
dc.language.isoenen
dc.publisherVirginia Techen
dc.rightsIn Copyrighten
dc.rights.urihttp://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/en
dc.subjectGranular Activated Carbonen
dc.subjectPFASen
dc.subjectSurface Modificationen
dc.subjectQuaternary Amineen
dc.titleSurface Modification Of Exhausted Activated Carbon For The Enhanced Removal Of Per- And Polyfluoroalkyl Substancesen
dc.typeThesisen
thesis.degree.disciplineEnvironmental Engineeringen
thesis.degree.grantorVirginia Polytechnic Institute and State Universityen
thesis.degree.levelmastersen
thesis.degree.nameMaster of Scienceen

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