A U.S. isolate of Theileria orientalis, Ikeda genotype, is transmitted to cattle by the invasive Asian longhorned tick, Haemaphysalis longicornis

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dc.contributor.authorDinkel, Kelcey D.en
dc.contributor.authorHerndon, David R.en
dc.contributor.authorNoh, Susan M.en
dc.contributor.authorLahmers, Kevin K.en
dc.contributor.authorTodd, S. Michelleen
dc.contributor.authorUeti, Massaro W.en
dc.contributor.authorScoles, Glen A.en
dc.contributor.authorMason, Kathleen L.en
dc.contributor.authorFry, Lindsay M.en
dc.contributor.departmentBiomedical Sciences and Pathobiologyen
dc.date.accessioned2021-08-18T19:02:04Zen
dc.date.available2021-08-18T19:02:04Zen
dc.date.issued2021-03-16en
dc.date.updated2021-08-18T19:02:00Zen
dc.description.abstractBackground: Theileria orientalis is a tick-borne hemoparasite that causes anemia, ill thrift, and death in cattle globally. The Ikeda strain of T.orientalis is more virulent than other strains, leading to severe clinical signs and death of up to 5% of affected animals. Within the Asia–Pacific region, where it affects 25% of Australian cattle, T.orientalis Ikeda has a significant economic impact on the cattle industry. In 2017, T.orientalis Ikeda was detected in a cattle herd in Albermarle County, Virginia, United States. Months earlier, the U.S. was alerted to the invasion of the Asian longhorned tick, Haemaphysalis longicornis, throughout the eastern U.S. Abundant H.longicornis ticks were identified on cattle in the T.orientalis-affected herd in VA, and a subset of ticks from the environment were PCR-positive for T.orientalis Ikeda. A strain of T.orientalis from a previous U.S. outbreak was not transmissible by H.longicornis; however, H.longicornis is the primary tick vector of T.orientalis Ikeda in other regions of the world. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine whether invasive H.longicornis ticks in the U.S. are competent vectors of T.orientalis Ikeda. Methods: Nymphal H.longicornis ticks were fed on a splenectomized calf infected with the VA-U.S.-T.orientalis Ikeda strain. After molting, a subset of adult ticks from this cohort were dissected, and salivary glands assayed for T.orientalis Ikeda via qPCR. The remaining adult ticks from the group were allowed to feed on three calves. Calves were subsequently monitored for T.orientalis Ikeda infection via blood smear cytology and PCR. Results: After acquisition feeding on a VA-U.S.-T.orientalis Ikeda-infected calf as nymphs, a subset of molted adult tick salivary glands tested positive by qPCR for T.orientalis Ikeda. Adult ticks from the same cohort successfully transmitted T.orientalis Ikeda to 3/3 naïve calves, each of which developed parasitemia reaching 0.4–0.9%. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that U.S. H.longicornis ticks are competent vectors of the VA-U.S.-T.orientalis Ikeda strain. This data provides important information for the U.S. cattle industry regarding the potential spread of this parasite and the necessity of enhanced surveillance and control measures.[Figure not available: see fulltext.].en
dc.description.versionPublished versionen
dc.format.extent11 page(s)en
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifierARTN 157 (Article number)en
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-021-04659-9en
dc.identifier.eissn1756-3305en
dc.identifier.issn1756-3305en
dc.identifier.issue1en
dc.identifier.orcidLahmers, Kevin [0000-0002-5290-3426]en
dc.identifier.other10.1186/s13071-021-04659-9 (PII)en
dc.identifier.pmid33726815 (pubmed)en
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10919/104673en
dc.identifier.volume14en
dc.language.isoenen
dc.publisherBMCen
dc.relation.urihttp://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000629880600001&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=930d57c9ac61a043676db62af60056c1en
dc.relation.urihttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33726815en
dc.rightsCreative Commons Attribution 4.0 Internationalen
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/en
dc.subjectLife Sciences & Biomedicineen
dc.subjectParasitologyen
dc.subjectTropical Medicineen
dc.subjectTheileria orientalisen
dc.subjectIkeda genotypeen
dc.subjectHaemaphysalis longicomisen
dc.subjectAsian longhorned ticken
dc.subjectTransmissionen
dc.subjectCattleen
dc.subjectMycology & Parasitologyen
dc.subject1108 Medical Microbiologyen
dc.subject1117 Public Health and Health Servicesen
dc.titleA U.S. isolate of Theileria orientalis, Ikeda genotype, is transmitted to cattle by the invasive Asian longhorned tick, Haemaphysalis longicornisen
dc.title.serialParasites & Vectorsen
dc.typeArticle - Refereeden
dc.type.dcmitypeTexten
dc.type.otherArticleen
dc.type.otherJournalen
dcterms.dateAccepted2021-02-25en
pubs.organisational-group/Virginia Techen
pubs.organisational-group/Virginia Tech/Veterinary Medicineen
pubs.organisational-group/Virginia Tech/Veterinary Medicine/Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiologyen
pubs.organisational-group/Virginia Tech/University Research Institutesen
pubs.organisational-group/Virginia Tech/University Research Institutes/Fralin Life Sciencesen
pubs.organisational-group/Virginia Tech/Faculty of Health Sciencesen
pubs.organisational-group/Virginia Tech/University Research Institutes/Fralin Life Sciences/Durelle Scotten

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