Enhancing agricultural sustainability through optimization of the slaughterhouse sludge compost for elimination of parasites and coliforms

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dc.contributor.authorRizwan, Hafiz Muhammaden
dc.contributor.authorNaveed, Muhammaden
dc.contributor.authorSajid, Muhammad Sohailen
dc.contributor.authorNazish, Nadiaen
dc.contributor.authorYounus, Muhammaden
dc.contributor.authorRaza, Mohsinen
dc.contributor.authorMaqbool, Mahvishen
dc.contributor.authorKhalil, Muhammad Hamzaen
dc.contributor.authorFouad, Daliaen
dc.contributor.authorAtaya, Farid Shokryen
dc.date.accessioned2025-01-13T20:15:17Zen
dc.date.available2025-01-13T20:15:17Zen
dc.date.issued2024-10-14en
dc.description.abstractFor a sustainable ecology, slaughterhouse sludge must be managed effectively in preview of the parasitic or coliforms’ spill over to the community. In order to determine the effectiveness of a customized biological decomposer solution in lowering the parasitic eggs and coliform bacteria, three composting units (Unit 1, Unit 2, and Unit 3) were treated with its different amounts. Over a period of 60 days, pH, temperature, humidity, number of the parasitic eggs per gram (EPG) of faecal material, viability of eggs, and coliform counts were evaluated. By the fifth day of the composting process, pH had significantly (P < 0.05) increased across all the treatments and then decreased gradually. Also on the 5th day, all three units entered the thermophilic range (> 45 °C), which persisted for 20 days for Unit 3 and 15 days for Units 1 and 2. Humidity levels initially increased significantly (P < 0.05) in all three units (Unit 3 = 71%, Unit 2 = 64%, and Unit 1 = 55%) but then gradually decreased. On day 5, no decrease in EPG in Unit 1 was detected; however, a non-significant (P > 0.05) 12.5% decline in EPG in Unit 2 and Unit 3 was recorded. After that, a significant (P < 0.05) reduction in EPG was observed in all the three treatments until day 25. By day 5, decreased egg viability was significantly (P < 0.05) recorded in Unit 3 (21.43%); in Unit 1 and Unit 2, the decrease was 6.25% and 14.29%, respectively. Additionally, all units showed a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in total coliforms, meeting minimum allowable limit in Unit 2 and 3 on day 10 and on day 15 in Unit 1. The most substantial reduction in faecal coliforms was observed in Unit 3 (from 2.6 log₁₀ to 1.3 log₁₀), followed by Unit 2 (from 2.6 log₁₀ to 1.5 log₁₀), and then Unit 1 (from 2.6 log₁₀ to 1.6 log₁₀). The results of this study support recommendation of advanced composting techniques to eradicate or reduce the abundance of pathogens (parasites and coliforms). Hence, we endorse the value of careful composting procedures in environment-friendly abattoir waste management and agricultural practices through creating pathogen-free, eco-friendly fertilizers to promote both agricultural and environmental sustainability.en
dc.description.versionPublished versionen
dc.format.extent14 page(s)en
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifierARTN 23953 (Article number)en
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-75606-8en
dc.identifier.eissn2045-2322en
dc.identifier.issn2045-2322en
dc.identifier.issue1en
dc.identifier.other10.1038/s41598-024-75606-8 (PII)en
dc.identifier.pmid39397149en
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10919/124173en
dc.identifier.volume14en
dc.language.isoenen
dc.publisherNature Portfolioen
dc.relation.urihttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39397149en
dc.rightsCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internationalen
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/en
dc.subjectSlaughterhouse sludgeen
dc.subjectCompostingen
dc.subjectParasitesen
dc.subjectColiformen
dc.subjectWaste managementen
dc.subject.meshFecesen
dc.subject.meshAnimalsen
dc.subject.meshParasitesen
dc.subject.meshEnterobacteriaceaeen
dc.subject.meshHumidityen
dc.subject.meshTemperatureen
dc.subject.meshSewageen
dc.subject.meshHydrogen-Ion Concentrationen
dc.subject.meshAgricultureen
dc.subject.meshAbattoirsen
dc.subject.meshCompostingen
dc.titleEnhancing agricultural sustainability through optimization of the slaughterhouse sludge compost for elimination of parasites and coliformsen
dc.title.serialScientific Reportsen
dc.typeArticle - Refereeden
dc.type.dcmitypeTexten
dc.type.otherArticleen
dc.type.otherJournalen
dcterms.dateAccepted2024-10-07en
pubs.organisational-groupVirginia Techen
pubs.organisational-groupVirginia Tech/Agriculture & Life Sciencesen
pubs.organisational-groupVirginia Tech/Agriculture & Life Sciences/Entomologyen

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