Functionalized Graphene-Based Biosensors for Early Detection of Subclinical Ketosis in Dairy Cows

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dc.contributor.authorChick, Shannonen
dc.contributor.authorKachouei, Matin Ataeien
dc.contributor.authorKnowlton, Katharineen
dc.contributor.authorAli, Md Azaharen
dc.date.accessioned2025-03-24T14:45:29Zen
dc.date.available2025-03-24T14:45:29Zen
dc.date.issued2024-08-22en
dc.description.abstractPrecision livestock farming utilizing advanced diagnostic tools, including biosensors, can play a key role in the management of livestock operations to improve the productivity, health, and well-being of animals. Detection of ketosis, a metabolic disease that occurs in early lactation dairy cows due to a negative energy balance, is one potential on-farm use of biosensors. Beta-hydroxybutyrate (βHB) is an excellent biomarker for monitoring ketosis in dairy cows because βHB is one of the main ketones produced during this metabolic state. In this report, we developed a low-cost, Keto-sensor (graphene-based sensor) for the detection of βHB concentrations in less than a minute. On this device, graphene nanosheets were layered onto a screen-printed electrode (SPE), and then, a stabilized enzyme (beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, NAD+, and glycerol) was used to functionalize the graphene surface enabled by EDC-NHS conjugation chemistry. The Keto-sensor offers an analytical sensitivity of 10 nm and a limit of detection (LoD) of 0.24 nm within a detection range of 0.01 μm-3.00 mm. Spike testing indicates that the Keto-sensor can detect βHB in serum samples from bovines with subclinical ketosis. The Keto-sensor developed in this study shows promising results for early detection of subclinical ketosis on farms.en
dc.description.versionPublished versionen
dc.format.extentPages 51932-51943en
dc.format.extent12 page(s)en
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.4c07715en
dc.identifier.eissn1944-8252en
dc.identifier.issn1944-8244en
dc.identifier.issue39en
dc.identifier.orcidKnowlton, Katharine [0000-0002-7181-4410]en
dc.identifier.pmid39172629en
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10919/125074en
dc.identifier.volume16en
dc.language.isoenen
dc.publisherAmerican Chemical Societyen
dc.relation.urihttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39172629en
dc.rightsCreative Commons Attribution 4.0 Internationalen
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/en
dc.subjectPrecision livestock farmingen
dc.subjectSubclinical ketosisen
dc.subjectBiosensoren
dc.subjectGrapheneen
dc.subjectStabilized enzymeen
dc.subject.meshAnimalsen
dc.subject.meshCattleen
dc.subject.meshKetosisen
dc.subject.meshCattle Diseasesen
dc.subject.meshGraphiteen
dc.subject.mesh3-Hydroxybutyric Aciden
dc.subject.meshHydroxybutyrate Dehydrogenaseen
dc.subject.meshBiosensing Techniquesen
dc.subject.meshElectrodesen
dc.subject.meshFemaleen
dc.subject.meshLimit of Detectionen
dc.titleFunctionalized Graphene-Based Biosensors for Early Detection of Subclinical Ketosis in Dairy Cowsen
dc.title.serialApplied Materials & Interfacesen
dc.typeArticle - Refereeden
dc.type.dcmitypeTexten
dc.type.otherArticleen
dc.type.otherJournalen
pubs.organisational-groupVirginia Techen
pubs.organisational-groupVirginia Tech/Agriculture & Life Sciencesen
pubs.organisational-groupVirginia Tech/Agriculture & Life Sciences/School of Animal Sciencesen
pubs.organisational-groupVirginia Tech/All T&R Facultyen
pubs.organisational-groupVirginia Tech/Agriculture & Life Sciences/CALS T&R Facultyen

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