Characterization of key aroma compounds in microgreens and mature plants of hydroponic fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.).

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dc.contributor.authorLiu, Jingsien
dc.contributor.authorLi, Songen
dc.contributor.authorO'Keefe, Sean F.en
dc.contributor.authorHurley, Kenen
dc.contributor.authorRutto, Labanen
dc.contributor.authorEriksen, Reneeen
dc.contributor.authorYin, Yunen
dc.date.accessioned2025-01-21T18:55:00Zen
dc.date.available2025-01-21T18:55:00Zen
dc.date.issued2024-10-23en
dc.description.abstractFennel is a popular culinary herb known for its unique flavor. In this study, we identified key aroma-active compounds in fresh fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) and its microgreens. Fennel was cultivated hydroponically with soilless substrates. Upon harvesting, samples were ground with liquid nitrogen, and headspace solid phase microextraction (SPME) gas chromatography-mass-spectrometry-olfactometry (GC-MS-O) was used for volatile analysis. Thirty-two and 28 key aroma-active compounds were identified in fennel microgreens and mature leaves, respectively. Phenylpropenes, especially (E)-anethole, were the predominant aroma-active compound in all samples (36.3–83.4 %). Quantitation results showed that fennel microgreens contained a significantly higher amount of monoterpenes, showing an 81.4–98.1 % increase when compared to mature fennel. Principal component analysis (PCA) of identified volatiles indicated a distinctive difference in the overall aroma profile between microgreens and mature leaf. The changes in aroma contents over different growth stages revealed the underlying volatile biosynthesis discrepancy. This study provided baseline information for understanding the aroma evolution from microgreen to mature fennel herbs.en
dc.description.notesYes, abstract only (Peer reviewed?)en
dc.description.versionPublished versionen
dc.format.extent11 page(s)en
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2024.115229en
dc.identifier.eissn1873-7145en
dc.identifier.issn0963-9969en
dc.identifier.orcidYin, Yun [0000-0002-5695-946X]en
dc.identifier.orcidLi, Song [0000-0002-8133-3944]en
dc.identifier.orcidO'Keefe, Sean [0000-0002-2491-7900]en
dc.identifier.orcidHurley, Eldon [0000-0003-2548-7997]en
dc.identifier.pmid39577927en
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10919/124284en
dc.identifier.volume197en
dc.language.isoenen
dc.publisherElsevieren
dc.relation.urihttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39577927en
dc.rightsPublic Domain (U.S.)en
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/en
dc.subjectAroma characterizationen
dc.subjectGas chromatography-mass-spectrometry-olfactometry (GC-MS-O)en
dc.subjectSecondary metabolitesen
dc.subjectPhenylpropenesen
dc.subjectMonoterpenesen
dc.subjectLeaf fennelen
dc.subject.meshFoeniculumen
dc.subject.meshPlant Leavesen
dc.subject.meshAnisolesen
dc.subject.meshMonoterpenesen
dc.subject.meshFlavoring Agentsen
dc.subject.meshPrincipal Component Analysisen
dc.subject.meshHydroponicsen
dc.subject.meshGas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometryen
dc.subject.meshSolid Phase Microextractionen
dc.subject.meshVolatile Organic Compoundsen
dc.subject.meshOlfactometryen
dc.subject.meshOdorantsen
dc.subject.meshAllylbenzene Derivativesen
dc.titleCharacterization of key aroma compounds in microgreens and mature plants of hydroponic fennel (<i>Foeniculum vulgare</i> Mill.).en
dc.title.serialFood Research Internationalen
dc.typeArticle - Refereeden
dc.type.dcmitypeTexten
dc.type.otherArticleen
dc.type.otherJournalen
dcterms.dateAccepted2024-10-18en
pubs.finish-date2023-08-16en
pubs.organisational-groupVirginia Techen
pubs.organisational-groupVirginia Tech/Agriculture & Life Sciencesen
pubs.organisational-groupVirginia Tech/Agriculture & Life Sciences/Food Science and Technologyen
pubs.organisational-groupVirginia Tech/All T&R Facultyen
pubs.organisational-groupVirginia Tech/Agriculture & Life Sciences/CALS T&R Facultyen
pubs.organisational-groupVirginia Tech/Agriculture & Life Sciences/School of Plant and Environmental Sciencesen
pubs.organisational-groupVirginia Tech/Graduate studentsen
pubs.organisational-groupVirginia Tech/Graduate students/Masters studentsen
pubs.start-date2023-08-13en

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