Stress and coping among adolescent diabetics

Abstract

The relationship between coping and adjustment, optimism, and frequency of blood glucose monitoring was examined in 99 adolescents (88 female, 11 male). Participants were between the ages of 12 and 18 with a mean age of 14.8 years. Mean duration of diabetes at the time of participation was 5.3 years. Coping theory using approach and avoidance techniques (Ebata & Moos, 1991) along with Scheier and Carver's (1992) theory of optimism are the basis of the theoretical framework. Regression analysis was used to determine the relationships between coping, adjustment and frequency of blood glucose monitoring. Results indicate that perceived stress to being diabetic was related to lower adjustment and less optimism. Use of approach coping techniques was linked to greater adjustment and optimism. Use of avoidance coping techniques was associated with poorer adjustment. Although avoidance coping may be beneficial in attempting to reduce the tension and anxiety surrounding the day-to-day stressors or chronic hindrances of diabetes, continued use can result in serious health consequences. Duration of the disease, perceived stress, and optimism were all found to be related to frequency of blood glucose monitoring. Blood glucose monitoring is one of several adherence behaviors employed by diabetics to improve their control. Previous research found that tighter control achieved by increasing the frequency of blood glucose monitoring and insulin injections significantly reduces the risk of long-term complications ("Living Well," 1993).