dc.contributor.author	Zalewski, Jon Eric	en
dc.contributor.committeechair	Chalmers, David R.	en
dc.contributor.committeemember	Reneau, Raymond B. Jr.	en
dc.contributor.committeemember	Evanylo, Gregory K.	en
dc.contributor.department	Crop and Soil Environmental Sciences	en
dc.date.accessioned	2014-03-14T20:44:45Z	en
dc.date.adate	2003-09-10	en
dc.date.available	2014-03-14T20:44:45Z	en
dc.date.issued	2000-07-24	en
dc.date.rdate	2003-09-10	en
dc.date.sdate	2003-09-04	en
dc.description.abstract	Nitrate contamination of ground and surface waters is of serious concern in the United States. Since nitrate is considered one of the most widespread groundwater contaminants, research continues in many disciplines to identify and mediate possible sources (Petrovic, 1990). An opportunity to evaluate a possible source of nitrate contamination exists during bermudagrass sprig establishment. Since most "improved" bermudagrass varieties are established vegetatively, due to lack of viable seed, turf managers apply large quantities of soluble urea weekly to push growth. During this grow-in, turf managers typically apply 48.8 soluble kg N ha-1 wk-1 for an eight to ten week period. We hypothesize that the quantity of nitrogen applied is in excess and that similar 8 to 10 week grow-in can be achieved with less nitrogen especially during the first 4 weeks when there are few plants per unit area. Three interrelated studies were conducted. A "field trial", consists of 1.8 m2 plots in 4 replications of 27 different nitrogen rates ranging from 4.9 kg N ha-1 wk-1 to 48.8 kg N ha-1 wk-1. A lysimeter study quantified leaching nitrate loss using the same weekly nitrogen rates, however, only six treatments existed. All plots were rated at weeks 4, 8 and 10 for cover, color, and density. A greenhouse study was implemented to evaluate potential nitrogen use for a single bermudagrass sprig, during the early post-sprigging stage. In 1998 and 1999, it appears that typical weekly nitrogen rates of 48.8 kg N ha-1 are in excess. Similar results were found using 48.8 kg N ha-1 to 97.6 kg N ha-1 over the first four week period and 195.2 kg N ha-1 to 244.0 kg N ha-1 during the entire grow-in. A 25 to 50 percent reduction in nitrogen application when compared to the typical 390.4 kg N ha-1. Lysimeter results revealed large quantities of nitrate lost via leaching. The 390.4 kg N ha-1 lost 34.7 and 44.6 percent of applied nitrogen in 1998 and 1999, respectively. Furthermore, similar turfgrass cover, color, and density were achieved using 80 percent less nitrogen during the grow-in period on sand-based media. The greenhouse study suggests that during the early post-sprigging period individual sprigs do not require large quantities of soluble nitrogen even on sand-based media. Results indicated that individual sprigs did not utilize 48.8 kg N ha-1 wk-1 during early post-sprigging. Similar results with respect to shoot weight, shoot length, and root weight were found using 40 percent less applied nitrogen. However, greater nitrogen rates may be necessary as plant density and root development increase later in the establishment period.	en
dc.description.degree	Master of Science	en
dc.identifier.other	etd-09042003-192049	en
dc.identifier.sourceurl	http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-09042003-192049/	en
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34917	en
dc.publisher	Virginia Tech	en
dc.relation.haspart	Frontmatter2.pdf	en
dc.relation.haspart	abstract.PDF	en
dc.relation.haspart	Thesis.PDF	en
dc.relation.haspart	Title.PDF	en
dc.rights	In Copyright	en
dc.rights.uri	http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/	en
dc.subject	Bermudagrass	en
dc.subject	leaching	en
dc.subject	Nitrogen	en
dc.subject	sprigging	en
dc.title	Effects of Reduced Early Post-Sprigging Nitrogen Application on Bermudagrass Sprig Establishment	en
dc.type	Thesis	en
thesis.degree.discipline	Crop and Soil Environmental Sciences	en
thesis.degree.grantor	Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University	en
thesis.degree.level	masters	en
thesis.degree.name	Master of Science	en

Effects of Reduced Early Post-Sprigging Nitrogen Application on Bermudagrass Sprig Establishment

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