Examining Relationships Between Problem-Solving Style and the Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ): Leveraging Adaption-Innovation Theory to Support Autistic Adults in the Workplace

Abstract

Research shows that approximately 85% of autistic individuals are unemployed or underemployed, highlighting the need for workforce development and leadership training to support this marginalized group. While autism spectrum disorders have increased significantly since the early 2000s, limited research exists on supporting autistic adults and their contributions to teams. ASD is a complex, lifelong condition affecting communication, social skills, and involving repetitive behaviors and restricted interests. However, these traits can be beneficial in the workplace, such as having high concentration, being detail-oriented, and possessing specialized knowledge in specific areas. These characteristics may originate from distinct problem-solving styles that could offer insights into how autistic individuals engage in team environments. This study examined the relationship between problem-solving style, as measured by Kirton’s Adaption-Innovation (KAI) Theory, and autistic traits, as measured by the Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ). KAI aims to improve collaboration and reduce cognitive conflict in work and team settings. The study involved 80 participants (N = 80), including 38 non-autistic adults and 42 autistic adults, who completed a demographic survey, the AQ, and the KAI. Simple and multiple linear regression models found that the total KAI score and the KAI sub-score R variation both significantly predicted the presence of autistic traits, as measured by the AQ. These findings provide insight into the problem-solving preferences of autistic adults and highlight the importance of tailoring leadership and team strategies to accommodate autistic and neurodivergent individuals. Understanding these dynamics can foster more inclusive workplaces and may improve employment outcomes for autistic adults.