Improvements to the kidney dialysis machine

Five changes were suggested to improve the kidney dialysis machine, including a conductivity control feedback system, a positive pressure deaeration system, a balancing system for dialysate flow control, a diaphragm-type blood pump, and an ultrafiltration control system using blood pressure measurement. A kidney dialysis machine was constructed to test the changes for possible use in future dialysis machine designs. Tests were made on each of the five system improvements. All five ideas had some merit for a commercial dialysis machine. A description of the investigation and the various factors used in the development and testing of the five systems is included.