Social network analysis and whole-genome sequencing to evaluate disease transmission in a large, dynamic population: A study of avian mycobacteriosis in zoo birds

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dc.contributor.authorWitte, Carmelen
dc.contributor.authorFowler, James H.en
dc.contributor.authorPfeiffer, Wayneen
dc.contributor.authorHungerford, Laura L.en
dc.contributor.authorBraun, Josephineen
dc.contributor.authorBurchell, Jenniferen
dc.contributor.authorPapendick, Rebeccaen
dc.contributor.authorRideout, Bruce A.en
dc.contributor.departmentPopulation Health Sciencesen
dc.date.accessioned2021-08-25T16:07:40Zen
dc.date.available2021-08-25T16:07:40Zen
dc.date.issued2021-06-09en
dc.date.updated2021-08-25T16:07:37Zen
dc.description.abstractThis study combined a social network analysis and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) to test for general patterns of contagious spread of a mycobacterial infection for which pathways of disease acquisition are not well understood. Our population included 275 cases diagnosed with avian mycobacteriosis that were nested in a source population of 16,430 birds at San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance facilities from 1992 through mid-2014. Mycobacteria species were determined using conventional methods and whole genome sequencing (WGS). Mycobacterium avium avium (MAA) and Mycobacterium genavense were the most common species of mycobacteria identified and were present in different proportions across bird taxa. A social network for the birds was constructed from the source population to identify directly and indirectly connected cases during time periods relevant to disease transmission. Associations between network connectivity and genetic similarity of mycobacteria (as determined by clusters of genotypes separated by few single nucleotide polymorphisms, or SNPs) were then evaluated in observed and randomly generated network permutations. Findings showed that some genotypes clustered along pathways of bird connectivity, while others were dispersed throughout the network. The proportion of directly connected birds having a similar mycobacterial genotype was 0.36 and significant (p<0.05). This proportion was higher (0.58) and significant for MAA but not for M. genavense. Evaluations of SNP distributions also showed genotypes of MAA were more related in connected birds than expected by chance; however, no significant patterns of genetic relatedness were identified for M. genavense, although data were sparse. Integrating the WGS analysis of mycobacteria with a social network analysis of their host birds revealed significant genetic clustering along pathways of connectivity, namely for MAA. These findings are consistent with a contagious process occurring in some, but not all, case clusters.en
dc.description.versionPublished versionen
dc.format.extent18 page(s)en
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifierARTN e0252152 (Article number)en
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0252152en
dc.identifier.eissn1932-6203en
dc.identifier.issn1932-6203en
dc.identifier.issue6en
dc.identifier.orcidHungerford, Laura [0000-0002-5680-6746]en
dc.identifier.otherPONE-D-20-35040 (PII)en
dc.identifier.pmid34106953en
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10919/104705en
dc.identifier.volume16en
dc.language.isoenen
dc.publisherPLoSen
dc.relation.urihttp://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000664642200031&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=930d57c9ac61a043676db62af60056c1en
dc.rightsCreative Commons Attribution 4.0 Internationalen
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/en
dc.subjectAVIUM SUBSP-AVIUMen
dc.subjectNONTUBERCULOUS MYCOBACTERIAen
dc.subjectMOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGYen
dc.subjectTUBERCULOSISen
dc.subjectGENAVENSEen
dc.subjectWATERen
dc.subjectINFECTIONen
dc.subjectOUTBREAKSen
dc.subjectINTRACELLULAREen
dc.subjectABSCESSUSen
dc.titleSocial network analysis and whole-genome sequencing to evaluate disease transmission in a large, dynamic population: A study of avian mycobacteriosis in zoo birdsen
dc.title.serialPLOS ONEen
dc.typeArticle - Refereeden
dc.type.dcmitypeTexten
dc.type.otherArticleen
dc.type.otherJournalen
dcterms.dateAccepted2021-05-11en
pubs.organisational-group/Virginia Techen
pubs.organisational-group/Virginia Tech/Veterinary Medicineen
pubs.organisational-group/Virginia Tech/Veterinary Medicine/Population Health Sciencesen
pubs.organisational-group/Virginia Tech/All T&R Facultyen
pubs.organisational-group/Virginia Tech/Veterinary Medicine/CVM T&R Facultyen

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