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Disaggregating Within-Person and Between-Person Effects in the Presence of Linear Time Trends in Time-Varying Predictors: Structural Equation Modeling Approach

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dc.contributor.authorHori, Kazukien
dc.contributor.committeechairMiyazaki, Yasuoen
dc.contributor.committeememberGu, Feien
dc.contributor.committeememberSkaggs, Gary E.en
dc.contributor.committeememberKniola, David J.en
dc.contributor.departmentCounselor Educationen
dc.date.accessioned2021-06-05T08:02:04Zen
dc.date.available2021-06-05T08:02:04Zen
dc.date.issued2021-06-01en
dc.description.abstractEducational researchers are often interested in phenomena that unfold over time within a person and at the same time, relationships between their characteristics that are stable over time. Since variables in a longitudinal study reflect both within- and between-person effects, researchers need to disaggregate them to understand the phenomenon of interest correctly. Although the person-mean centering technique has been believed as the gold standard of the disaggregation method, recent studies found that the centering did not work when there was a trend in the predictor. Hence, they proposed some detrending techniques to remove the systematic change; however, they were only applicable to multilevel models. Therefore, this dissertation develops novel detrending methods based on structural equation modeling (SEM). It also establishes the links between centering and detrending by reviewing a broad range of literature. The proposed SEM-based detrending methods are compared to the existing centering and detrending methods through a series of Monte Carlo simulations. The results indicate that (a) model misspecification for the time-varying predictors or outcomes leads to large bias of and standard error, (b) statistical properties of estimates of the within- and between-person effects are mostly determined by the type of between-person predictors (i.e., observed or latent), and (c) for unbiased estimation of the effects, models with latent between-person predictors require nonzero growth factor variances, while those with observed predictors at the between level need either nonzero or zero variance, depending on the parameter. As concluding remarks, some practical recommendations are provided based on the findings of the present study.en
dc.description.abstractgeneralEducational researchers are often interested in longitudinal phenomena within a person and relations between the person's characteristics. Since repeatedly measured variables reflect their within- and between-person aspects, researchers need to disaggregate them statistically to understand the phenomenon of interest. Recent studies found that the traditional centering method, where the individual's average of a predictor was subtracted from the original predictor value, could not correctly disentangle the within- and between-person effects when the predictor showed a systematic change over time (i.e., trend). They proposed some techniques to remove the trend; however, the detrending methods were only applicable to multilevel models. Therefore, the present study develops novel detrending methods using structural equation modeling. The proposed models are compared to the existing methods through a series of Monte Carlo simulations, where we can manipulate a data-generating model and its parameter values. The results indicate that (a) model misspecification for the time-varying predictor or outcome leads to systematic deviation of the estimates from their true values, (b) statistical properties of estimates of the effects are mostly determined by the type of between-person predictors (i.e., observed or latent), and (c) the latent predictor models require nonzero growth factor variances for unbiased estimation, while the observed predictor models need either nonzero or zero variance, depending on the parameter. As concluding remarks, some recommendations for the practitioners are provided.en
dc.description.degreeDoctor of Philosophyen
dc.format.mediumETDen
dc.identifier.othervt_gsexam:30493en
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10919/103624en
dc.publisherVirginia Techen
dc.rightsIn Copyrighten
dc.rights.urihttp://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/en
dc.subjectlongitudinal studyen
dc.subjectlatent curve modelen
dc.subjecttime-varying covariateen
dc.subjectresidualizingen
dc.subjectcross-level covarianceen
dc.titleDisaggregating Within-Person and Between-Person Effects in the Presence of Linear Time Trends in Time-Varying Predictors: Structural Equation Modeling Approachen
dc.typeDissertationen
thesis.degree.disciplineEducational Research and Evaluationen
thesis.degree.grantorVirginia Polytechnic Institute and State Universityen
thesis.degree.leveldoctoralen
thesis.degree.nameDoctor of Philosophyen

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