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Effect of energy and undegraded intake protein on growth and feed efficiency of growing Holstein heifers

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dc.contributor.authorBethard, Greg L.en
dc.contributor.committeechairJames, Robert E.en
dc.contributor.committeememberMcGilliard, Michael L.en
dc.contributor.committeememberNebel, Raymond L.en
dc.contributor.committeememberPolan, Carl E.en
dc.contributor.departmentDairy Scienceen
dc.date.accessioned2014-03-14T21:35:34Zen
dc.date.adate2010-05-04en
dc.date.available2014-03-14T21:35:34Zen
dc.date.issued1994-09-30en
dc.date.rdate2010-05-04en
dc.date.sdate2010-05-04en
dc.description.abstractTwo trials using 32 heifers each evaluated response to undegraded intake protein (UIP) (30 or SO% CP), energy (supporting .S9 or .91 kg ADG), and source of UIP (blood meal or combination protein supplement). Trial one was a 2x2 factorial, with two levels of energy and UIP. High UIP was achieved with blood meal supplementation. From 6-13 mo of age (phase I), high energy increased ADG and DMI, and high UIP decreased DMI. DM efficiencies (kg DMIlkg BW gain) improved with high energy and high UIP, and roN efficiencies (kg IDN/kg BW gain) improved with high UIP. From 13 mo until calving (phase n), heifers were housed together and fed a common diet. Low energy, high UIP treatment had the highest ADG (1.01 kg/day) for phase I, but the lowest for phase n (.33 kg/day), and low energy, low UIP treatment had the lowest ADG (.62 kg/day) for phase I, but the highest for phase n (.S3 kg/day). Overall ADG from 6 mo until calving averaged .S9 kg/day, and was not affected by energy or UIP. In trial 2, two levels of energy and two sources ofUIP were compared, resulting in four treatments: low energy, high UIP with combination protein supplement; low energy, high UIP with blood meal; low energy, low VIP with soybean meal; and high energy, low UIP with soybean meal. Combination protein supplement contained blood meal, com gluten meal, and fish meal. Trial was 300 days long, and began at 6.5 mo. of age. Dry matter intake and ADO were increased with high energy, but not affected by VIP. Overall DM efficiency was not affected by VIP or energy level. Results of both trials indicate VIP may improve feed efficiency of growing Holstein heifers.en
dc.description.degreeMaster of Scienceen
dc.format.extentxiv, 202 leavesen
dc.format.mediumBTDen
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier.otheretd-05042010-020309en
dc.identifier.sourceurlhttp://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-05042010-020309/en
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10919/42485en
dc.language.isoenen
dc.publisherVirginia Techen
dc.relation.haspartLD5655.V855_1994.B484.pdfen
dc.relation.isformatofOCLC# 32064086en
dc.rightsIn Copyrighten
dc.rights.urihttp://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/en
dc.subject.lccLD5655.V855 1994.B484en
dc.subject.lcshHeifers -- Feeding and feedsen
dc.subject.lcshHeifers -- Growthen
dc.subject.lcshHolstein-Friesian cattle -- Feeding and feedsen
dc.subject.lcshHolstein-Friesian cattle -- Growthen
dc.titleEffect of energy and undegraded intake protein on growth and feed efficiency of growing Holstein heifersen
dc.typeThesisen
dc.type.dcmitypeTexten
thesis.degree.disciplineDairy Scienceen
thesis.degree.grantorVirginia Polytechnic Institute and State Universityen
thesis.degree.levelmastersen
thesis.degree.nameMaster of Scienceen

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